Smyth Lab, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
J Pharm Sci. 2024 Nov;113(11):3145-3172. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.012. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
Liver cancer is one of the aggressive primary tumors as evident by high rate of incidence and mortality. Conventional treatments (e.g. chemotherapy) suffer from various drawbacks including wide drug distribution, low localized drug concentration, and severe off-site toxicity. Therefore, they cannot satisfy the mounting need for safe and efficient cancer therapeutics, and alternative novel strategies are needed. Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are among these novel approaches that can improve the overall therapeutic outcomes. NDDSs are designed to encapsulate drug molecules and target them specifically to liver cancer. Thus, NDDSs can selectively deliver therapeutic agents to the tumor cells and avoid distribution to off-target sites which should improve the safety profile of the active agents. Nonetheless, NDDSs should be well designed, in terms of the preparing materials, nanocarriers structure, and the targeting strategy, in order to accomplish these objectives. This review discusses the latest advances of NDDSs for cancer therapy with emphasis on the aforementioned essential design components. The review also entails the challenges associated with the clinical translation of NDDSs, and the future perspectives towards next-generation NDDSs.
肝癌是一种侵袭性原发性肿瘤，其发病率和死亡率都很高。传统的治疗方法（如化疗）存在许多缺点，包括药物分布广泛、局部药物浓度低以及严重的非靶位毒性。因此，它们不能满足人们对安全有效的癌症治疗方法的日益增长的需求，需要替代的新型策略。基于纳米的药物传递系统（NDDSs）就是这些新型方法之一，可以改善整体治疗效果。NDDSs 的设计目的是将药物分子包裹起来，并将其专门靶向肝癌。因此，NDDSs 可以选择性地将治疗剂递送到肿瘤细胞，避免分布到非靶位，从而提高有效药物的安全性。然而，NDDSs 应在制备材料、纳米载体结构和靶向策略等方面进行精心设计，以实现这些目标。本综述讨论了用于癌症治疗的 NDDSs 的最新进展，重点介绍了上述必要的设计组成部分。本综述还涉及到 NDDSs 临床转化所面临的挑战，以及对下一代 NDDSs 的未来展望。
