Shahzad Hafsa, Ali Shaukat, Farooq Muhammad Adeel, Summer Muhammad, Hassan Ali, Sulayman Rida, Kanwal Lubna, Awan Uzma Azeem
Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan.
Microsc Res Tech. 2025 Jan;88(1):4-16. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24673. Epub 2024 Aug 17.
Diabetes mellitus causes impaired diabetic wounds which is linked to a number of pathological alterations that impede the healing of wounds. In the current research, Swiss albino mice were given alloxan monohydrate to induce diabetes and excision wounds of approximately 6 mm using biopsy punch. The diabetic wounds were treated with various biomaterials including Vachellia nilotica extract (VN), Nigella sativa extract (NS), V. nilotica nanoparticles (VNNPs) and N. sativa nanoparticles (NSNPs). Their effects were determined by evaluating the percent wound contraction, healing time, and histopathological analysis. The serum level of various biochemical parameters that is, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were also determined. VNNPs group provided the best outcomes, with wound contraction 100% on 12 day. According to histopathological examination, VNNPs group reduced inflammation and encouraged the formation of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. VNNPs group significantly alleviated the serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are, TNF-α (19.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL), IL-6 (13.8 ± 0.6 pg/mL), and IL-8 (24.8 ± 1.2 pg/mL) as compared with the diabetic mice. The serum level of MMP2 (248.2 ± 7.9 pg/mL), MMP7 (316 ± 5.2 pg/mL), and MMP9 (167.8 ± 12.1 pg/mL) in the same group VNNPs were also observed much less than the diabetic mice. The serum level of TIMPs (176.8 ± 2.9 pg/mL) in the VNNPs group was increased maximally with respect to diabetic mice. It is concluded that nanoparticles and biomaterials possess healing properties and have the ability to repair the chronic/diabetic wound. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: UV-spectrophotometric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy observation for functional group analysis and possible linkage between conjugates Optimization of the histopathological and biochemical markers after application of the formulations Microscopic analysis of epithelial tissues for evaluation of healing mechanisms Speedy contraction of wounds as the alleviation of the inflammatory and necrotic factors.
糖尿病会导致糖尿病伤口愈合受损，这与许多阻碍伤口愈合的病理改变有关。在当前的研究中，给瑞士白化小鼠注射一水合四氧嘧啶以诱导糖尿病，并用活检打孔器制造约6毫米的切除伤口。用包括阿拉伯金合欢提取物（VN）、黑种草提取物（NS）、阿拉伯金合欢纳米颗粒（VNNPs）和黑种草纳米颗粒（NSNPs）在内的各种生物材料治疗糖尿病伤口。通过评估伤口收缩百分比、愈合时间和组织病理学分析来确定它们的效果。还测定了各种生化参数的血清水平，即促炎细胞因子、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂（TIMPs）。VNNPs组提供了最佳结果，在第12天时伤口收缩率达到100%。根据组织病理学检查，VNNPs组减轻了炎症，并促进了血管、成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的形成。与糖尿病小鼠相比，VNNPs组显著降低了促炎细胞因子的血清水平，即肿瘤坏死因子-α（19.4±1.5 pg/mL）、白细胞介素-6（13.8±0.6 pg/mL）和白细胞介素-8（24.8±1.2 pg/mL）。同一VNNPs组中基质金属蛋白酶2（248.2±7.9 pg/mL）、基质金属蛋白酶7（316±5.2 pg/mL）和基质金属蛋白酶9（167.8±12.1 pg/mL）的血清水平也明显低于糖尿病小鼠。VNNPs组中组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的血清水平（176.8±2.9 pg/mL）相对于糖尿病小鼠最大程度地升高。得出的结论是，纳米颗粒和生物材料具有愈合特性，并有能力修复慢性/糖尿病伤口。研究亮点：紫外分光光度法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法用于官能团分析以及共轭物之间可能的联系制剂应用后组织病理学和生化标志物的优化上皮组织的显微镜分析以评估愈合机制伤口快速收缩，炎症和坏死因子减轻。
