Kharlamova A, Krivova Yu, Proshchina A, Godovalova O, Otlyga D, Andreeva E, Shachina M, Grushetskaya E, Saveliev S
Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418.
Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pokrovka St., 22A, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
Brain Struct Funct. 2024 Dec;229(9):2385-2403. doi: 10.1007/s00429-024-02850-z. Epub 2024 Aug 17.
Specific spatiotemporal patterns of the normal glial differentiation during human brain development have not been thoroughly studied. Immunomorphological studies on postmortem material have remained a basic method for human neurodevelopmental studies so far. The main problem for the immunohistochemical research of astrogliogenesis is that now there are no universal astrocyte markers, that characterize the whole mature astrocyte population or precursors at each stage of development. To define the general course of astrogliogenesis in the developing human cortex, 25 fetal autopsy samples at the stages from eight postconceptional weeks to birth were collected for the immunomorphological analysis. Spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns with the panel of markers (ALDH1L1, GFAP, S100, SOX9, and Olig-2), related to glial differentiation were described and compared. The early S100 + cell population of ventral origin was described as well. This S100 + cell distribution deviated from the SOX9-immunoreactivity pattern and was similar to the Olig-2 one. In the given material the dorsal gliogenic wave was characterized by ALDH1L1-, GFAP-, and S100-immunoreactivity manifestation in the dorsal proliferative niche at the end of the early fetal period. The time point of dorsal astrogliogenesis was agreed upon not later than the 17 GW stage. ALDH1L1 + , GFAP + , S100 + , and SOX9 + cell expansion patterns from the ventricular and subventricular zones to the intermediate zone, subplate, and cortical plate were described at the end of early fetal, middle, and late fetal periods. The ALDH1L1-, GFAP-, and S100-immunoreactivity patterns were shown to be not completely identical.
人类大脑发育过程中正常神经胶质细胞分化的特定时空模式尚未得到充分研究。迄今为止，对尸检材料的免疫形态学研究一直是人类神经发育研究的基本方法。星形胶质细胞生成免疫组织化学研究的主要问题是，目前尚无通用的星形胶质细胞标志物来表征整个成熟星形胶质细胞群体或发育各阶段的前体细胞。为了确定发育中的人类皮质星形胶质细胞生成的一般过程，收集了25个从受孕后8周到出生阶段的胎儿尸检样本进行免疫形态学分析。描述并比较了与神经胶质细胞分化相关的一组标志物（醛脱氢酶1L1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、S100、SRY-盒转录因子9和少突胶质细胞转录因子2）的时空免疫反应模式。还描述了起源于腹侧的早期S100+细胞群体。这种S100+细胞分布与SRY-盒转录因子9免疫反应模式不同，与少突胶质细胞转录因子2的模式相似。在给定材料中，背侧神经胶质细胞生成波的特征是在胎儿早期结束时背侧增殖龛中出现醛脱氢酶1L1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和S100免疫反应。背侧星形胶质细胞生成的时间点确定不晚于妊娠17周阶段。描述了在胎儿早期、中期和晚期结束时，醛脱氢酶1L1+、胶质纤维酸性蛋白+、S100+和SRY-盒转录因子9+细胞从脑室和脑室下区向中间区、板下区和皮质板的扩展模式。结果显示，醛脱氢酶1L1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和S100免疫反应模式并不完全相同。
