Świątek Szymon, Czyrski Andrzej
Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Doctoral School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2024 Aug 18:1-27. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2388123.
Psychoactive substances pose significant challenges and dangers to society due to their impact on perception, mood, and behavior, leading to health and life disturbances. The consumption of these substances is largely influenced by their legal status, cultural norms, and religious beliefs. Continuous development and chemical modifications of psychoactive substances complicate their control, detection, and determination in the human body. This paper addresses the terminological distinctions between psychoactive and psychotropic substances and drugs. It provides a comprehensive review of analytical methods used to identify and quantify 25 psychoactive substances in various biological matrices, including blood, urine, saliva, hair, and nails. The analysis categorizes these substances into four primary groups: stimulants, neuroleptics, depressants, and hallucinogens. The study specifically focuses on chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, as well as other novel analytical techniques. Methodology includes a review of scientific articles containing validation studies of these methods and innovative approaches to psychoactive substance determination. Articles were sourced from the PubMed database, with most research originating from the twenty first century. The paper discusses the limits of detection and quantitation for each method, along with current trends and challenges in the analytical determination of evolving psychoactive substances.
精神活性物质因其对感知、情绪和行为的影响而给社会带来重大挑战和危险，导致健康和生活紊乱。这些物质的消费在很大程度上受到其法律地位、文化规范和宗教信仰的影响。精神活性物质的不断发展和化学修饰使其在人体中的控制、检测和测定变得复杂。本文阐述了精神活性物质、精神药物和毒品之间的术语区别。它全面综述了用于鉴定和定量各种生物基质（包括血液、尿液、唾液、毛发和指甲）中25种精神活性物质的分析方法。该分析将这些物质分为四大类：兴奋剂、抗精神病药、抑制剂和致幻剂。该研究特别关注色谱法和分光光度法以及其他新型分析技术。方法包括对包含这些方法验证研究和精神活性物质测定创新方法的科学文章进行综述。文章来源于PubMed数据库，大多数研究始于21世纪。本文讨论了每种方法的检测限和定量限，以及不断演变的精神活性物质分析测定中的当前趋势和挑战。
