National Centre on Drug Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 Jan 30;163:170-179. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.011. Epub 2018 Oct 4.
In the last years, a global awareness has arisen from the reported harmful effects and public health risks associated with the consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Improving efforts in the detection and identification of these substances have emerged as a global analytical challenge involving the large range of NPSs' chemical structures and the variety of conventional and non-conventional biological matrices. Indeed, detection capabilities and screening tools impact many fields and settings, including seized products analysis, workplace and roadside drug controls, emergency rooms, drug addiction treatment clinics, post-mortem and criminal caseworks, law enforcement and health interventions. Colorimetric, immunochemical and chromatographic-mass spectrometry techniques have been investigated and developed for the rapid identification of NPSs. Considering the continuous emergence of new substances, this review offers a panoramic view on the current status of analytical approaches for the rapid screening of NPSs, including, when available, data on conventional and non-conventional biological matrices. Although some of the presented methods are sound and promising, their applications are still limited, thus proving the importance of further investigations. New screening and sensitive targeted methods for NPS and their metabolites should be developed in different types of biological matrices, where concentration of substances and matrix effects can be significantly different.
在过去的几年中，由于新精神活性物质（NPS）的消费与有害影响和公共健康风险相关的报道，全球范围内已经意识到了这一点。提高对这些物质的检测和识别能力已成为一项全球性的分析挑战，涉及到 NPS 化学结构的广泛范围以及常规和非常规生物基质的多样性。事实上，检测能力和筛选工具影响到许多领域和环境，包括缴获产品分析、工作场所和路边毒品控制、急诊室、戒毒诊所、法医和刑事案件、执法和健康干预。已经研究和开发了比色、免疫化学和色谱-质谱技术来快速识别 NPS。考虑到新物质的不断出现，本综述全面介绍了快速筛选 NPS 的分析方法的现状，包括现有常规和非常规生物基质的数据。尽管一些提出的方法是合理且有前途的，但它们的应用仍然有限，这证明了进一步研究的重要性。应该在不同类型的生物基质中开发用于 NPS 及其代谢物的新的筛选和敏感靶向方法，其中物质的浓度和基质效应可能有很大差异。
