Thorat Janhavi V, Tambolkar Sampada, Mane Shailaja
Paediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 19;16(7):e64915. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64915. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Polydactyly, which is the presence of an extra appendage on the hand or the foot, is a common congenital anomaly encountered in children. It may be an isolated finding or found in conjunction with other congenital anomalies and syndromes. Polydactyly can occur in the hands or the feet. In the hand, it may occur as radial polydactyly (pre-axial polydactyly) or ulnar polydactyly (post-axial polydactyly (PAP)). Depending upon the side of occurrence, it may be medial, that is, toward the little finger (called ulnar polydactyly) or lateral, that is, toward the thumb (called radial polydactyly). On the feet, the extra digit can either be present on the side of the great toe (called tibial polydactyly) or on the side of the little toe (called fibular polydactyly). In both the upper and the lower limbs, affection of the central three digits is called central polydactyly. Central tetrapolydactyly, which is the presence of an extra appendage on all four limbs, is much more rarely encountered. This case report describes a 15-month-old female child who presented with findings of six digits on all four limbs and deviation of the left angle of mouth since birth. Her echocardiography showed a large atrial septal defect measuring 7 mm, with a left-to-right shunt. This is the first such case reported from all over the world from a tertiary care hospital with the aforementioned findings. Polydactyly, a very common congenital anomaly, should not be ignored in pediatric settings. It is important to diagnose associated features such as congenital heart diseases (CHDs), genitourinary abnormalities, and orofacial abnormalities to facilitate timely surgical correction and help improve the quality of life of those affected.
多指畸形是指手或足部出现额外的附属肢体,是儿童常见的先天性异常。它可能是孤立出现的,也可能与其他先天性异常和综合征同时存在。多指畸形可发生在手或足部。在手部,可表现为桡侧多指畸形(轴前多指畸形)或尺侧多指畸形(轴后多指畸形(PAP))。根据发生的部位,可能是内侧的,即朝向小指(称为尺侧多指畸形),或者是外侧的,即朝向拇指(称为桡侧多指畸形)。在足部,额外的趾头可出现在大脚趾一侧(称为胫侧多指畸形)或小脚趾一侧(称为腓侧多指畸形)。在上肢和下肢,中央三个手指或脚趾受累称为中央多指畸形。四肢均出现额外附属肢体的中央四指(趾)多指畸形则更为罕见。本病例报告描述了一名15个月大的女童,自出生以来四肢均有六指表现,且左侧口角有偏差。她的超声心动图显示有一个7毫米的大型房间隔缺损,存在左向右分流。这是一家三级护理医院报道的全世界首例具有上述表现的此类病例。多指畸形是一种非常常见的先天性异常,在儿科环境中不应被忽视。诊断相关特征,如先天性心脏病(CHD)、泌尿生殖系统异常和口面部异常,对于促进及时的手术矫正以及帮助改善患者的生活质量很重要。