Investigation of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, and biofilm formation of isolated from sheep feces in Shiraz industrial slaughterhouse, South of Iran.

BACKGROUND

With the increase in human population, the consumption of livestock products such as sheep meat has also increased. Sheep are the reservoir and shedder of that can be transmitted to humans. Characterization of fecal isolated from sheep in slaughterhouse.

METHODS

Stool specimens were collected from 30 apparently healthy sheep from different flocks in Shiraz industrial slaughterhouse. The resistance of isolates against 10 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The presence of three major extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes and five tetracycline resistance genes as well as seven virulence genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Using the microtiter plate method, the biofilm formation ability of isolates was investigated.

RESULTS

The highest frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin (100%) followed by tetracycline (25%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin, and only one isolate was resistant to the tested third-generation cephalosporins. Multidrug resistance phenotype was observed in 16.7% of the isolates. (25%) was the most prevalent ESBL gene and (62.5%) was the most prevalent tetracycline resistance gene in the isolates. , , , and genes were present in all isolates, and the prevalence of and genes was 95.8% and 83.3%, respectively. In total, 62.5% of the isolates were biofilm producers.

CONCLUSION

According to the concept of One Health, the presence of virulent antibiotic-resistant biofilm producing strains of in sheep is a risk to public health.