Gletsu-Miller Nana, Henschel Beate, Tekwe Carmen D, Thiagarajah Krisha
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Jun 28;8(8):104407. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.
We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.
This study included 8874 adolescents (12-19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20-39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003-2020). The associations of consumption of ) walnuts only (WO); ) walnuts with other nuts (WON); ) other nuts (ON); and ) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses.
The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; < 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; < 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group ( < 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: -1.24; 95% confidence interval: -2.21, -0.28) compared with NN consumption.
For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.
核桃含有可促进新陈代谢健康的营养成分和植物化学物质。然而，核桃以及其他坚果的高能量含量引发了人们对食用坚果会导致肥胖的担忧。
我们试图研究食用核桃以及其他坚果与青少年和青年成年人肥胖指标之间的关联。
本研究纳入了来自8轮美国国家健康与营养检查调查数据（2003 - 2020年）的8874名青少年（12 - 19岁）和10323名青年成年人（20 - 39岁）。使用按年龄组和性别分层的逻辑回归和线性回归，评估了仅食用核桃（WO）、核桃与其他坚果一起食用（WON）、其他坚果（ON）以及不食用坚果（NN）与肥胖状况和相对脂肪量（RFM）之间的关联。所有统计分析均使用样本权重。
各年龄组内两个核桃食用组的核桃日均摄入量无差异（青少年：2.18 [标准误（SE）0.14]克；P = 0.917；青年成年人：4.23 [0.37]克；P = 0.682）。WON组的肥胖患病率最低（青少年：8.3%；青年成年人：21.1%），而NN组的患病率最高（青少年：24.1%；青年成年人：35.4%）。模型显示，食用WON的青春期女孩（优势比[OR]：0.27；P < 0.05）和青年成年女性（OR：0.58；P < 0.05）肥胖几率低于食用NN的女性。在年轻女性和女孩中，WON组和ON组的RFM均显著低于NN组（P < 0.001）。在年轻男性中，与食用NN相比，食用WON也与较低的RFM相关（OR： - 1.24；95%置信区间： - 2.21， - 0.28）。
对于青春期女孩和青年女性，饮食中摄入核桃与其他坚果结合对肥胖指标的负相关最强。
