Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia.
J Nutr. 2021 Nov 2;151(11):3507-3515. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab253.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease globally. Nuts and seeds, due to their unique nutrient composition, may provide health benefits for the prevention of NAFLD. To date, no research has investigated the association between nut and seed intake and NAFLD prevalence in a non-Mediterranean Western population.
This study aimed to explore the association between nut and seed intake with NAFLD and metabolic biomarkers in a US representative sample.
This cross-sectional study used data from 25,360 adults involved in the 2005-2018 NHANES, including adults (aged ≥18 y) with negative serology for hepatitis B and C and nonexcessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD was assessed using the fatty liver index (FLI); metabolic biomarkers were also assessed; nut and seed intake was evaluated from two 24-h dietary recalls. ANOVA and Poisson regression were used to establish the relation between nut and seed intake categories and NAFLD prevalence.
Nut and seed consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of NAFLD. In females, in the fully adjusted model, this was significant across all nut and seed consumption categories but was most prominent in the moderate consumption group (7%, 15%, and 14% risk reduction in low, moderate, and adequate consumption categories, respectively, compared with nonconsumers). In males, moderate intake of nuts and seeds demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD (9%) compared with nonconsumers.
Daily consumption for nuts and seeds was associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD in non-Mediterranean, US adults, although the benefits seem to be greater in females across all categories of nut and seed consumption groups compared with nonconsumers. Both males and females presented with lower prevalence of NAFLD with intakes of 15-30 g/d.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是全球最常见的肝脏疾病。坚果和种子由于其独特的营养成分，可能对预防 NAFLD 有益。迄今为止，尚无研究调查非地中海西方人群中坚果和种子摄入与 NAFLD 患病率之间的关系。
本研究旨在探讨美国代表性人群中坚果和种子摄入与 NAFLD 及代谢生物标志物之间的关系。
本横断面研究使用了 2005-2018 年 NHANES 中 25360 名成年人的数据，包括乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎血清学阴性且酒精摄入不过量的成年人（年龄≥18 岁）。使用脂肪肝指数（FLI）评估 NAFLD；还评估了代谢生物标志物；从两份 24 小时膳食回忆中评估了坚果和种子的摄入量。使用方差分析和泊松回归来确定坚果和种子摄入量类别与 NAFLD 患病率之间的关系。
坚果和种子的消费与 NAFLD 患病率的降低有关。在女性中，在完全调整的模型中，所有坚果和种子消费类别均存在显著相关性，但在适度消费组中最为明显（与非消费者相比，低、中、高消费组的风险分别降低 7%、15%和 14%）。在男性中，与非消费者相比，适度摄入坚果和种子与 NAFLD 的患病率显著降低（9%）。
非地中海地区美国成年人每天食用坚果和种子与 NAFLD 的患病率较低相关，尽管与非消费者相比，女性在所有坚果和种子消费组中似乎都能获得更大的益处。男性和女性的 NAFLD 患病率均随着 15-30 g/d 的摄入量而降低。
