Understanding the dynamics of infestation in pomegranate orchards of Himachal Pradesh, India (year 2018, 2019 and 2021) and its management strategies.

This study investigates the prevalence and dynamics of pomegranate wilt disease induced by across the Kullu, Mandi and Solan districts of Himachal Pradesh (India), revealed notable spatial and temporal variations in nematode populations and galling severity across the regions. The highest average nematode infestation of 9.25 % was observed at Nauni with highest counts of average second-stage juvenile (J2) larvae (449 larvae per 100 cc of soil) followed by Hurla (Kullu) with 7.42 % infestation. Correlation analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between larval population and galling severity suggesting a potential link between nematode levels and plant damage. Common disease symptoms were leaf size reduction, yellowing and gradual decline of pomegranate plants, often observed in patches within orchards. Microscopic identification revealed distinctive pear-shaped body of mature females while J2 larvae displayed vermiform shapes and the associated species of was confirmed through examination of the perineal pattern. Pathogenicity test reveals initiation of leaf yellowing symptom after 45 days of inoculation of larval suspension and root galling was observed after 60 days onward followed by plant decline under greenhouse conditions. Results from pot and field experiments demonstrated the efficacy of Fluopyram and Fluensulfone in reducing nematode populations and galling severity. Treatment with drenching of Fluopyram at the rate of 2 ml/L reduced 98.56 % larvae under field and 99.00 % larvae/100 cc soil under pot conditions. Statistical analysis (paired -test and MANOVA) confirms significant differences in galling severity and larval population before and after drenching. The study also underscores the importance of weed management in disease mitigation as several weed species ( and were identified as potential reservoirs for in infested pomegranate plant basin. This investigation contributes to the advancement of management practices for pomegranate cultivation that addresses both nematode and weed infestations ultimately enhancing crop resilience and productivity.