在未充足进食的情况下，摄入添加了必需氨基酸而非碳水化合物的乳清蛋白，可维持运动后的合成代谢。

Consuming Whey Protein with Added Essential Amino Acids, Not Carbohydrate, Maintains Postexercise Anabolism While Underfed.

作者信息

Gwin Jess A, Church David D, Allen Jillian T, Wilson Marques A, Carrigan Christopher T, Murphy Nancy E, Varanoske Alyssa N, Margolis Lee M, Wolfe Robert R, Ferrando Arny A, Pasiakos Stefan M

机构信息

Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.

Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

出版信息

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Jan 1;57(1):70-80. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003541. Epub 2024 Aug 23.

DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003541

PMID:39160756

Abstract

PURPOSE

Energy deficiency decreases muscle protein synthesis (MPS), possibly due to greater whole-body essential amino acid (EAA) requirements and reliance on energy stores. Whether energy deficit-induced anabolic resistance is overcome with non-nitrogenous supplemental energy or if increased energy as EAA is needed is unclear. We tested the effects of energy as EAA or carbohydrate, combined with an EAA-enriched whey protein, on postexercise MPS (%·h -1 ) and whole-body protein turnover (g protein·240 min -1 ).

METHODS

Seventeen adults (mean ± SD; age: 26 ± 6 yr, body mass index: 25 ± 3 kg·m -2 ) completed a randomized, parallel study including two 5-d energy conditions (BAL; energy balance; daily energy requirements (DEF), -30% ± 3% energy requirements) separated by ≥7 d. Volunteers consumed EAA-enriched whey with added EAA (+EAA; 304 kcal, 56 g protein, 48 g EAA, 17 g carbohydrate, 2 g fat; n = 8) or added carbohydrate (+CHO; 311 kcal, 34 g protein, 24 g EAA, 40 g carbohydrate, 2 g fat; n = 9) following exercise. MPS and whole-body protein synthesis (PS), breakdown (PB), and net balance (NET; PS-PB) were estimated postexercise with isotope kinetics.

RESULTS

MPS rates were greater in +EAA (0.083 ± 0.02) than +CHO (0.059 ± 0.01; P = 0.015) during daily energy requirements, but similar during BAL ( P = 0.45) and across energy conditions within treatments ( P = 0.056). PS rates were greater for +EAA (BAL, 117.9 ± 16.5; daily energy requirements, 110.3 ± 14.8) than +CHO (BAL, 81.6 ± 8.0; daily energy requirements, 83.8 ± 5.9 g protein·240 min -1 ; both P < 0.001) and greater during BAL than daily energy requirements in +EAA ( P = 0.045). PB rates were less in +EAA (8.0 ± 16.5) than +CHO (37.8 ± 7.6 g protein·240 min -1 ; P < 0.001), and NET was greater in +EAA (106.1 ± 6.3) than +CHO (44.8 ± 8.5 g protein·240 min -1 ; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that supplementing EAA-enriched whey protein with more energy as EAA, not carbohydrate, maintains postexercise MPS during energy deficit at rates comparable to those observed during energy balance.

摘要

目的

能量不足会降低肌肉蛋白质合成（MPS），这可能是由于全身对必需氨基酸（EAA）的需求增加以及对能量储备的依赖。目前尚不清楚非含氮补充能量是否能克服能量不足引起的合成代谢抵抗，或者是否需要增加作为EAA的能量。我们测试了作为EAA或碳水化合物的能量，与富含EAA的乳清蛋白相结合，对运动后MPS（%·小时-1）和全身蛋白质周转（克蛋白质·240分钟-1）的影响。

方法

17名成年人（平均±标准差；年龄：26±6岁，体重指数：25±3千克·米-2）完成了一项随机平行研究，包括两种为期5天的能量状态（BAL；能量平衡；每日能量需求（DEF），-30%±3%能量需求），间隔≥7天。志愿者在运动后摄入添加了EAA的富含EAA的乳清蛋白（+EAA；304千卡，56克蛋白质，48克EAA，17克碳水化合物，2克脂肪；n = 8）或添加了碳水化合物的乳清蛋白（+CHO；311千卡，34克蛋白质，24克EAA，40克碳水化合物，2克脂肪；n = 9）。运动后用同位素动力学估计MPS和全身蛋白质合成（PS）、分解（PB）和净平衡（NET；PS - PB）。

结果

在每日能量需求期间，+EAA组的MPS率（0.083±0.02）高于+CHO组（0.059±0.01；P = 0.015），但在BAL期间相似（P = 0.45），且在各治疗组内的能量状态间相似（P = 0.056）。+EAA组的PS率（BAL时为117.9±16.5；每日能量需求时为110.3±14.8）高于+CHO组（BAL时为81.6±8.0；每日能量需求时为83.8±5.9克蛋白质·240分钟-1；两者P < 0.001），且在BAL期间高于+EAA组的每日能量需求时（P = 0.045）。+EAA组的PB率（8.0±16.5）低于+CHO组（37.8±7.6克蛋白质·240分钟-1；P < 0.001），+EAA组的NET高于+CHO组（106.1±6.3比44.8±8.5克蛋白质·240分钟-1；P < 0.001）。