Laboratory of Functional Brain Circuit Construction, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
Front Neural Circuits. 2024 Aug 5;18:1453958. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1453958. eCollection 2024.
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have prompted the emergence of new research fields and applications for human neurons and brain organoids. Brain organoids have gained attention as an model system that recapitulates the higher structure, cellular diversity and function of the brain to explore brain development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This progress has been accelerated by abundant interactions of brain organoid technology with various research fields. A cross-disciplinary approach with human brain organoid technology offers a higher-ordered advance for more accurately understanding the human brain. In this review, we summarize the status of neural induction in two- and three-dimensional culture systems from hPSCs and the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases using brain organoids. We also highlight the latest bioengineered technologies for the assembly of spatially higher-ordered neural tissues and prospects of brain organoid technology toward the understanding of the potential and abilities of the human brain.
近年来，人类多能干细胞（hPSC）技术的进展促使人们对人类神经元和脑类器官展开了新的研究。脑类器官作为一种能够重现大脑高级结构、细胞多样性和功能的模型系统，受到了广泛关注，用于探索大脑发育、疾病建模、药物筛选和再生医学。脑类器官技术与各种研究领域的丰富互动加速了这一进展。跨学科的方法与人类脑类器官技术相结合，为更准确地理解人类大脑提供了更高阶的进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了从 hPSC 中进行二维和三维培养系统的神经诱导以及使用脑类器官进行神经退行性疾病建模的现状。我们还强调了最新的生物工程技术，用于组装空间上更高阶的神经组织，并展望了脑类器官技术在理解人类大脑的潜力和能力方面的前景。
