Garreta Elena, Kamm Roger D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes Susana M, Lancaster Madeline A, Weiss Ron, Trepat Xavier, Hyun Insoo, Montserrat Nuria
Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Nat Mater. 2021 Feb;20(2):145-155. doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-00804-4. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
In recent years considerable progress has been made in the development of faithful procedures for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An important step in this direction has also been the derivation of organoids. This technology generally relies on traditional three-dimensional culture techniques that exploit cell-autonomous self-organization responses of hPSCs with minimal control over the external inputs supplied to the system. The convergence of stem cell biology and bioengineering offers the possibility to provide these stimuli in a controlled fashion, resulting in the development of naturally inspired approaches to overcome major limitations of this nascent technology. Based on the current developments, we emphasize the achievements and ongoing challenges of bringing together hPSC organoid differentiation, bioengineering and ethics. This Review underlines the need for providing engineering solutions to gain control of self-organization and functionality of hPSC-derived organoids. We expect that this knowledge will guide the community to generate higher-grade hPSC-derived organoids for further applications in developmental biology, drug screening, disease modelling and personalized medicine.
近年来，在开发可靠的人类多能干细胞（hPSC）分化程序方面取得了相当大的进展。朝着这个方向迈出的重要一步也是类器官的衍生。这项技术通常依赖于传统的三维培养技术，该技术利用hPSC的细胞自主自组织反应，对提供给系统的外部输入控制极少。干细胞生物学和生物工程的融合提供了以可控方式提供这些刺激的可能性，从而产生了受自然启发的方法来克服这项新兴技术的主要局限性。基于当前的发展，我们强调将hPSC类器官分化、生物工程和伦理结合起来所取得的成就和持续面临的挑战。本综述强调了提供工程解决方案以控制hPSC衍生类器官的自组织和功能的必要性。我们期望这些知识将引导该领域生成更高质量的hPSC衍生类器官，以进一步应用于发育生物学、药物筛选、疾病建模和个性化医学。
