Blázquez M, Pérez-Vargas I, Garrido-Benavent I, Villar-dePablo M, Turégano Y, Frías-López C, Sánchez-Gracia A, de Los Ríos A, Gasulla F, Pérez-Ortega S
Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Persoonia. 2024 Aug;52:44-93. doi: 10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03. Epub 2024 May 10.
Oceanic islands have been recognized as natural laboratories in which to study a great variety of evolutionary processes. One such process is evolutionary radiations, the diversification of a single ancestor into a number of species that inhabit different environments and differ in the traits that allow them to exploit those environments. The factors that drive evolutionary radiations have been studied for decades in charismatic organisms such as birds or lizards, but are lacking in lichen-forming fungi, despite recent reports of some lineages showing diversification patterns congruent with radiation. Here we propose the group as a model system in which to carry out such studies. This group is currently thought to be comprised of five saxicolous species, all of them endemic to the Macaronesian region (the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary and Cape Verde islands). Three species are single-island endemics (a rare geographic distribution pattern in lichens), whereas two are widespread and show extreme morphological variation. The latter are suspected to harbor unrecognized species-level lineages. In order to use the group as a model system it is necessary to resolve the group's phylogeny and to clarify its species boundaries. In this study we attempt to do so following an integrative taxonomy approach. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on six molecular markers, four of which are newly developed and generated competing species hypotheses based on molecular (species discovery strategies based on both single locus and multilocus datasets) and phenotypic data (unsupervised clustering algorithms based on morphology, secondary chemistry and geographic origin). We found that taxonomic diversity in the group has been highly underestimated in previous studies. In consequence, we describe six new species, most of them single-island endemics and provide a key to the group. Phylogenetic relationships among species have been reconstructed with almost full support which, coupled with the endemic character of the group, makes it an excellent system for the study of island radiations in lichen-forming fungi. : Blázquez M, Pérez-Vargas I, Garrido-Benavent I, et al. 2024. Endless forms most frustrating: disentangling species boundaries in the Ramalina decipiens group (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with the description of six new species and a key to the group. Persoonia 52: 44-93. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03 .
海洋岛屿被视为研究各种进化过程的天然实验室。其中一个过程是进化辐射，即单一祖先分化为多个物种，这些物种栖息在不同环境中，并且在使它们能够利用这些环境的特征方面存在差异。驱动进化辐射的因素已经在鸟类或蜥蜴等具有魅力的生物中研究了数十年，但在地衣形成真菌中却缺乏相关研究，尽管最近有报道称一些谱系呈现出与辐射一致的多样化模式。在此，我们提出将该类群作为进行此类研究的模型系统。目前认为该类群由五个石生物种组成，它们均为马卡罗尼西亚地区（亚速尔群岛、马德拉群岛、塞尔瓦根斯群岛、加那利群岛和佛得角群岛）的特有物种。其中三个物种是单岛特有种（在地衣中是一种罕见的地理分布模式），而另外两个物种分布广泛且表现出极端的形态变异。后者被怀疑包含未被识别的物种级谱系。为了将该类群用作模型系统，有必要解析该类群的系统发育并厘清其物种界限。在本研究中，我们尝试采用综合分类学方法来实现这一目标。我们基于六个分子标记构建了系统发育树，其中四个是新开发的，并基于分子数据（基于单基因座和多基因座数据集的物种发现策略）和表型数据（基于形态、次生化学和地理起源的无监督聚类算法）生成了相互竞争的物种假说。我们发现，在先前的研究中，该类群的分类多样性被严重低估。因此，我们描述了六个新物种，其中大多数是单岛特有种，并提供了该类群的检索表。物种之间的系统发育关系几乎得到了完全支持，再加上该类群的特有性，使其成为研究地衣形成真菌岛屿辐射的绝佳系统。：Blázquez M, Pérez-Vargas I, Garrido-Benavent I等。2024年。无尽的形式最令人困惑：解开Ramalina decipiens类群（茶渍纲，子囊菌门）的物种界限，描述六个新物种并提供该类群的检索表。《Persoonia》52: 44 - 93。https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.03 。
