Yang Zihui, Zeng Hong, Li Jia, Zeng Ning, Zhang Qi, Hou Kai, Li Jie, Yu Jing, Wu Yiping
Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 26;10(15):e35200. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35200. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Breast cancer has been reported to transcend lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women all over the world. Adipocytes, serving as energy storage and endocrine cells, are the major stromal cells in the breast. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are adjacent and dedifferentiated adipocytes located at the invasive front of human breast tumors. Adipocytes can transform into CAA phenotype with morphological and biological changes under the remodeling of breast cancer cells. CAAs play an essential role in breast cancer progression, including remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), regulating immunity, and interacting with breast cancer cells. CAAs possess peculiar secretomes and are accordingly capable to promote proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. There is a complex and coordinated crosstalk among CAAs, immune cells, and breast cancer cells. CAAs can release a variety of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, CCL5, CCL2, VEGF, G-CSF, IGF-1, and IGFBP, thereby promoting immune cell recruitment and macrophage polarization, and ultimately stimulating malignant behaviors in breast cancer cells. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of CAA-derived cytokines, including their impact on cancer cell behaviors, immune regulation, breast cancer diagnosis, and treatment. A deeper understanding of CAA performance and interactions with specific TME cell populations will provide better strategies for cancer treatment and breast reconstruction after mastectomy.
据报道，乳腺癌已超越肺癌，成为全球女性中最常被诊断出的癌症。脂肪细胞作为能量储存和内分泌细胞，是乳腺中的主要基质细胞。癌症相关脂肪细胞（CAA）是位于人类乳腺肿瘤浸润前沿的相邻且去分化的脂肪细胞。在乳腺癌细胞的重塑作用下，脂肪细胞可通过形态和生物学变化转变为CAA表型。CAA在乳腺癌进展中发挥着重要作用，包括重塑肿瘤微环境（TME）、调节免疫以及与乳腺癌细胞相互作用。CAA具有独特的分泌产物，因此能够促进乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、血管生成、转移、免疫逃逸和耐药性。CAA、免疫细胞和乳腺癌细胞之间存在复杂且协调的相互作用。CAA可释放多种细胞因子，包括白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-1β、趋化因子配体5、趋化因子配体2、血管内皮生长因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白，从而促进免疫细胞募集和巨噬细胞极化，最终刺激乳腺癌细胞的恶性行为。在此，我们旨在全面描述CAA衍生的细胞因子，包括它们对癌细胞行为、免疫调节、乳腺癌诊断和治疗的影响。对CAA的性能以及与特定TME细胞群体的相互作用有更深入的了解，将为癌症治疗和乳房切除术后的乳房重建提供更好的策略。
