Pereyra Valentina M, Hefley Trevor, Vara Prasad P V, Ciampitti Ignacio A
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Dickens Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 25;10(15):e35054. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35054. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Progress in soybean ( max L.) breeding has led to a reduction in optimal seeding rates due to enhanced branching capacity over time. However, less is known about the changes in canopy architecture between old and modern soybean genotypes at varying row spacing and their impact on yield and seed quality through the main stem and branches. Therefore, this study aimed to i) evaluate yield and seed quality responses of an old and modern soybean genotype at different row spacings and ii) examine the yield and seed quality of branches and the main stem. Trials were conducted in Kansas (United States, US) during 2020 and 2021, comparing two genotypes (old, released in 1980, and modern, released in 2013) at four row spacings (0.19, 0.38, 0.76, and 1.52 m) under rainfed conditions. Seed yield and quality (protein and oil concentrations, %) were assessed at the end of each growing season. In 2021, both genotypes had low and similar yields at all row spacings (averaging 2481 kg ha) with 2.5 % less protein on branches compared to the main stem. However, 2022 resulted in a high-yielding environment, with the modern yielding 50 % more (3584 kg ha) than the old (2315 kg ha) genotype in narrow row spacings (<0.38 m). Additionally, the modern genotype showed a three-fold greater contribution to yield from branches (1113 kg ha) relative to the old genotype (379 kg ha). Despite the high yields observed in narrow rows, the modern genotype maintained protein levels. These results highlight the importance of row spacing as a key management practice for improving yield while maintaining protein levels in high yield conditions.
随着时间的推移，大豆（Glycine max L.）育种取得的进展使得分枝能力增强，从而降低了最佳播种量。然而，对于不同行距下老品种和现代大豆基因型冠层结构的变化，以及它们通过主茎和分枝对产量和种子质量的影响，人们了解较少。因此，本研究旨在：i）评估一个老品种和一个现代大豆基因型在不同行距下的产量和种子质量响应；ii）研究分枝和主茎的产量及种子质量。2020年和2021年在美国堪萨斯州进行了试验，在雨养条件下比较了两个基因型（老品种于1980年发布，现代品种于2013年发布）在四种行距（0.19、0.38、0.76和1.52米）下的表现。在每个生长季结束时评估种子产量和质量（蛋白质和油含量，%）。2021年，两个基因型在所有行距下产量都较低且相近（平均2481千克/公顷），分枝上的蛋白质含量比主茎低2.5%。然而，2022年是一个高产环境，在窄行距（<0.38米）下，现代品种的产量比老品种（2315千克/公顷）高50%（3584千克/公顷）。此外，相对于老品种（379千克/公顷），现代基因型分枝对产量的贡献大三倍（1113千克/公顷）。尽管窄行距下产量较高，但现代基因型保持了蛋白质水平。这些结果凸显了行距作为一项关键管理措施对于在高产条件下提高产量并保持蛋白质水平的重要性。
