Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024 Aug 20;36(1):171. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02823-6.
Cognitive impairment is projected to affect a preponderant proportion of the aging population. Lifelong dietary habits have been hypothesized to play a role in preventing cognitive decline. Among the most studied dietary components, fish consumptionhas been extensively studied for its potential effects on the human brain.
To perform a meta-analysis of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and cognitive impairment/decline and all types of dementia.
A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify observational studies providing quantitative data on fish consumption and outcomes of interest. Random effects models for meta-analyses using only extreme exposure categories, subgroup analyses, and dose-response analyses were performed to estimate cumulative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
The meta-analysis comprised 35 studies. Individuals reporting the highest vs. the lowest fish consumption were associated with a lower likelihood of cognitive impairment/decline (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.90, I = 61.1%), dementia (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93, I = 38.7%), and Alzheimer's disease (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.96, I = 20.3%). The dose-response relation revealed a significantly decreased risk of cognitive impairment/decline and all cognitive outcomes across higher levels of fish intake up to 30% for 150 g/d (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95). The results of this relation based on APOE ε4 allele status was mixed based on the outcome investigated.
Current findings suggest fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment/decline in a dose-response manner, while for dementia and Alzheimer's disease there is a need for further studies to improve the strength of evidence.
认知障碍预计会影响到大部分老年人口。人们推测，终身的饮食习惯在预防认知能力下降方面发挥着作用。在研究最多的饮食成分中，鱼类摄入量因其对人类大脑的潜在影响而被广泛研究。
对探讨鱼类摄入量与认知障碍/衰退以及各种类型痴呆之间关系的观察性研究进行荟萃分析。
对电子数据库进行系统检索，以确定提供有关鱼类摄入量和研究结果的定量数据的观察性研究。使用仅极端暴露类别的随机效应模型、亚组分析和剂量-反应分析进行荟萃分析，以估计累积风险比 (RR) 和 95%置信区间 (CI)。
荟萃分析包括 35 项研究。与报告鱼类摄入量最高和最低的个体相比，认知障碍/衰退 (RR=0.82，95%CI：0.75，0.90，I=61.1%)、痴呆症 (RR=0.82，95%CI：0.73，0.93，I=38.7%) 和阿尔茨海默病 (RR=0.80，95%CI：0.67，0.96，I=20.3%) 的可能性较低。剂量-反应关系表明，随着鱼类摄入量的增加，认知障碍/衰退和所有认知结果的风险显著降低，在 150g/d 达到 30%时（RR=0.70，95%CI：0.52，0.95）。基于 APOE ε4 等位基因状态的这一关系的结果因研究结果而异。
目前的研究结果表明，鱼类摄入量与认知障碍/衰退的风险呈剂量反应关系，而对于痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病，需要进一步研究以提高证据的强度。
