School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Oct 1;284:116821. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116821. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Lactobacillus salivarius is a probiotic bacteria strain in human and animal diets. The administration of probiotics to weaned piglets may improve their growth by optimizing the gastrointestinal bacterial composition. To further investigate the effect of bacterial communication between the gastrointestinal tract and lungs on bodily immunity, we reared weaned piglets in a low-ammonia gas environment. L. salivarius was supplemented to explore its effects on pulmonary immunity and its potential for bacterial translocation.
One hundred sixty weaned piglets were allocated to four groups: L. salivarius-supplemented, L. reuteri-supplemented, control, and antibiotic drug (aureomycin)-supplemented. The feeding duration was 28 d. The body weights of piglets administered a strain of Lactobacillus were better than those of the control (P < 0.01). The transcription level of immune factors interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon α (IFN-α), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in cells of the ileum and lung was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Lung and ileal mucus tissues were isolated to sequence the bacterial composition, which suggested a higher richness in the lungs at the phylum level, which was not significant in the ileum. Functional bacteria were more abundant in the ileum and lungs. The proportion of the genera of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Actinobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_ NK3B31_group increased in two tissues, and a lower ratio of Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and mycoplasma was detected. The correlation between the microbial genus composition and the levels of immune factors suggests that the abundance of Lactobacillus plays the same positive role in the lungs and ileum. Mycoplasmas play a negative role in ileal and pulmonary immunity. More Lactobacillus reuteri and anaerobic probiotic bacteria were detected in the lungs.
The colonization of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in the membrane of the ileum optimized the ileal microbial composition, enrolled other probiotic bacteria translating to the lung, improved the abundance of pulmonary microbiota, and enhanced immunity after exposure to low concentrations of ammonia.
唾液乳杆菌是人类和动物饮食中的一种益生菌菌株。给断奶仔猪服用益生菌可以通过优化胃肠道细菌组成来提高其生长性能。为了进一步研究胃肠道和肺部之间细菌通讯对全身免疫的影响，我们在低氨气体环境中饲养断奶仔猪。补充唾液乳杆菌以探索其对肺部免疫的影响及其细菌易位的潜力。
将 160 头断奶仔猪分配到 4 个组：唾液乳杆菌补充组、罗伊氏乳杆菌补充组、对照组和金霉素（土霉素）补充组。喂养期为 28d。饲喂乳杆菌的仔猪体重优于对照组（P<0.01）。回肠和肺细胞中免疫因子白细胞介素 2（IL-2）、IL-4、干扰素 α（IFN-α）和肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）的转录水平显著升高（P<0.01）。分离肺和回肠粘液组织进行细菌组成测序，在门水平上，肺中的丰富度更高，但在回肠中不显著。回肠和肺中功能细菌更为丰富。乳杆菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、放线杆菌属和普雷沃氏菌科 NK3B31 组的属比例增加了两个组织，链球菌属、大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌属和支原体的比例降低。微生物属组成与免疫因子水平之间的相关性表明，乳杆菌属的丰度在肺部和回肠中均发挥着相同的积极作用。支原体在回肠和肺部免疫中起负作用。在肺部中检测到更多的罗伊氏乳杆菌和厌氧益生菌。
唾液乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌在回肠黏膜上的定植优化了回肠微生物组成，招募了其他益生菌到肺部，提高了肺部微生物群的丰度，并在暴露于低浓度氨后增强了免疫力。
