Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Sep;184:112072. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112072. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Since December 2021, the number of children with COVID-19 infections has increased. Sequelae in children have not been well-described. Our goal was to determine if children with a history of COVID-19 infection (C19 group) were more likely to present with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) or post-ventilation tube otorrhea (VTO) than children who had no history of COVID-19 infection (NoC19 group).
Charts of consecutive children presenting at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic from March-May 2022 were reviewed. Demographics, COVID-19 test history, comorbidities, ultimate diagnosis, physical exam findings, and management plan were included. No children had a known COVID-19 infection at the time of visit.
524 children were included, 228 (43.5 %) girls and 296 (56.5 %) boys. Mean age was 5 years (95 % CI 4.6-5.4). 115 (21.9 %) had a history of COVID-19 infection. 104 (19.8 %) had a diagnosis of rAOM or VTO, 26.1 % (30/115) children in C19 and 18.1 % (74/409) children in NoC19 (Fisher's Exact p = .04, OR = 1.6). For children without ventilation tubes in place, 23.5 % (27/115) in C19 had rAOM versus 15.2 % (62/409) in NoC19 (p = .03, OR = 1.7). 18.3 % (21/115) of the C19 group had nasal congestion compared to 6.6 % (27/409) of the NoC19 group (p < .001, OR = 3.2). There was no difference in incidence of otitis media with effusion, tonsil/adenoid hypertrophy, sleep-disordered breathing, or epistaxis between the groups.
Infection with COVID-19 may be associated with an increased risk of rAOM and VTO in children. This may affect healthcare utilization by increasing the need for pediatric and otolaryngologic care.
自 2021 年 12 月以来，儿童 COVID-19 感染人数有所增加。儿童的后遗症尚未得到充分描述。我们的目标是确定有 COVID-19 感染史（C19 组）的儿童是否比没有 COVID-19 感染史（NoC19 组）的儿童更容易出现复发性急性中耳炎（rAOM）或通气后耳漏（VTO）。
回顾 2022 年 3 月至 5 月在儿科耳鼻喉科诊所就诊的连续儿童图表。包括人口统计学、COVID-19 检测史、合并症、最终诊断、体格检查结果和治疗计划。就诊时没有儿童已知 COVID-19 感染。
共纳入 524 名儿童，其中女孩 228 名（43.5%），男孩 296 名（56.5%）。平均年龄为 5 岁（95%CI 4.6-5.4）。115 名（21.9%）有 COVID-19 感染史。104 名（19.8%）诊断为 rAOM 或 VTO，C19 组中有 26.1%（30/115）儿童，NoC19 组中有 18.1%（74/409）儿童（Fisher 精确检验 p=0.04，OR=1.6）。对于未放置通气管的儿童，C19 组中有 23.5%（27/115）患有 rAOM，而 NoC19 组中有 15.2%（62/409）（p=0.03，OR=1.7）。C19 组中有 18.3%（21/115）的儿童有鼻塞，而 NoC19 组中有 6.6%（27/409）（p<0.001，OR=3.2）。两组间分泌性中耳炎、扁桃体/腺样体肥大、睡眠呼吸障碍或鼻出血的发生率无差异。
COVID-19 感染可能与儿童 rAOM 和 VTO 的风险增加有关。这可能会通过增加儿科和耳鼻喉科护理的需求来影响医疗保健的利用。
