Borumandnia Nasrin, Alvani Mohammadamin Sabbagh, Fattahi Payam, Gohari Mahmood Reza, Kheirolahkhani Yashar, Alavimajd Hamid
Urology and Nephrology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024 Nov;57(6):530-539. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.24.007. Epub 2024 Aug 15.
No comprehensive analysis has yet been published regarding global trends in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV). The present study offers a longitudinal perspective on their prevalence worldwide.
CSA and BV rates were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, spanning the years 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries. Trends by gender, region, and human development index (HDI) were examined.
For both boys and girls, and in both high-HDI and low-HDI countries, CSA rates did not significantly change from 1990 to 2019 (p>0.05). However, BV rates increased significantly in high-HDI and low-HDI countries for both genders (p<0.001). Subsequently, we analyzed trends separately by gender across all countries, without considering development level. In this analysis, CSA rates among girls decreased from 1990 to 2000, followed by an increasing tendency after 2000; overall, an upward trend was evident between 1990 and 2019 (p=0.029). In contrast, no significant pattern was observed for boys. Notably, BV demonstrated an increasing trend across all regions when HDI was not considered (p<0.05), with African populations experiencing the most pronounced rise (p<0.001). Globally, boys consistently exhibited higher BV rates than girls.
Our research indicates that, on a global scale, rates of CSA among girls have been rising. Additionally, BV rates have increased in all regions for both boys and girls. Notably, this trend in BV rates is occurring irrespective of HDI. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions in areas with high rates of CSA and BV.
尚未发表关于全球儿童性虐待（CSA）和欺凌受害（BV）趋势的全面分析。本研究提供了关于其全球患病率的纵向视角。
从全球疾病负担研究中提取1990年至2019年期间204个国家的CSA和BV发生率。研究了按性别、地区和人类发展指数（HDI）划分的趋势。
对于男孩和女孩，以及高HDI和低HDI国家，1990年至2019年期间CSA发生率均无显著变化（p>0.05）。然而，高HDI和低HDI国家中，两性的BV发生率均显著上升（p<0.001）。随后，我们在不考虑发展水平的情况下，按性别对所有国家的趋势进行了单独分析。在此分析中，女孩的CSA发生率在1990年至2000年期间下降，随后在2000年后呈上升趋势；总体而言，1990年至2019年期间呈上升趋势（p=0.029）。相比之下，未观察到男孩有显著模式。值得注意的是，在不考虑HDI的情况下，BV在所有地区均呈上升趋势（p<0.05），非洲人群的上升最为明显（p<0.001）。在全球范围内，男孩的BV发生率始终高于女孩。
我们的研究表明，在全球范围内，女孩的CSA发生率一直在上升。此外，男孩和女孩在所有地区的BV发生率均有所增加。值得注意的是，BV发生率的这一趋势与HDI无关。这些发现强调了在CSA和BV发生率高的地区进行有针对性干预的必要性。
