Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran.
Mol Cancer. 2024 Aug 20;23(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12943-024-02081-0.
Organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumor cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumor before metastatic spread has even occurred. Tumors orchestrate a pre-metastatic program by conditioning distant organs to create microenvironments that foster the survival and proliferation of tumor cells before their arrival, thereby establishing pre-metastatic niches. Primary tumor-derived exosomes modulate these pre-metastatic niches, generating a permissive environment that facilitates the homing and expansion of tumor cells. Moreover, microRNAs have emerged as a key component of exosomal cargo, serving not only to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches but also to prime these sites for the arrival and colonization of specific secondary tumor populations. Against this backdrop, this review endeavors to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs on the genesis of their individualized pre-metastatic niches, with a view towards identifying novel means of specifying cancer metastasis and exploiting this phenomenon for cancer immunotherapy.
未来转移的器官不是循环肿瘤细胞的被动接收者，而是在转移扩散发生之前，被原发性肿瘤有选择地和主动修饰。肿瘤通过调节远处器官来构建微环境，为肿瘤细胞的存活和增殖创造条件，从而建立转移前生态位。原发肿瘤衍生的外泌体调节这些转移前生态位，产生允许的环境，促进肿瘤细胞的归巢和扩增。此外，microRNAs 已成为外泌体货物的关键组成部分，不仅可以诱导转移前生态位的形成，还可以为特定的次级肿瘤群体的到达和定植做好准备。有鉴于此，本综述旨在阐明肿瘤衍生的外泌体 microRNAs 对其个体化转移前生态位形成的影响，以期为确定癌症转移的新方法，并利用这一现象进行癌症免疫治疗。
