Maitra Swastika, Sarkar Subham, Chandra Muktesh, Ballal Suhas, Kalia Rishiv, Arya Renu, Zaki Magdi E A, Uti Daniel Ejim
Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, India.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Aug 14;20:9899-9929. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S529128. eCollection 2025.
Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnostics, particularly through exosome-based chipsets that offer early, non-invasive, and highly sensitive detection. These nanoscale platforms isolate and analyze extracellular vesicles (exosomes) carrying molecular signatures from cancer cells. Microfluidic and material science innovations enable detection from body fluids with high specificity, surpassing conventional diagnostic tools. Engineered exosomes also offer therapeutic potential, especially in targeting metastasis. This review explores exosome formation, roles in cancer, and the latest advancements in chipset technology, emphasizing their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Despite challenges in standardization and clinical integration, ongoing research and trials indicate a transformative shift in cancer care driven by exosome-based technologies. Special emphasis is placed on chip-integrated nanotechnologies developed for exosome isolation and analysis, detailing recent innovations, device specifications, and diagnostic potential. The review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental exosome biology and the translational relevance of chip-based platforms in clinical cancer diagnostics.
纳米技术彻底改变了癌症诊断，特别是通过基于外泌体的芯片组，实现了早期、非侵入性和高灵敏度检测。这些纳米级平台可分离并分析携带癌细胞分子特征的细胞外囊泡（外泌体）。微流控和材料科学创新使体液检测具有高特异性，超越了传统诊断工具。工程化外泌体也具有治疗潜力，特别是在靶向转移方面。本综述探讨了外泌体的形成、在癌症中的作用以及芯片组技术的最新进展，强调了它们的诊断和治疗潜力。尽管在标准化和临床整合方面存在挑战，但正在进行的研究和试验表明，基于外泌体的技术正在推动癌症治疗发生变革性转变。特别强调了为外泌体分离和分析而开发的芯片集成纳米技术，详细介绍了近期的创新、设备规格和诊断潜力。本综述旨在弥合外泌体基础生物学与基于芯片的平台在临床癌症诊断中的转化相关性之间的差距。
