Deng Xiaojuan, Ren Hongyan, Wu Shuang, Jie Huijin, Gu Chengyu
Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital Of Haining, Haining, Zhejiang, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Aug 6;15:1439474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1439474. eCollection 2024.
ADHD and anxiety disorders often co-occur, sharing symptoms and dysfunctions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
To explore the shared and distinct genetic variations between ADHD and anxiety disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to ADHD, anxiety disorders, and three socioeconomic factors: income, educational attainment (EA), and intelligence. MR analysis utilized genome-wide association study summary datasets (anxiety disorder: 7,016 cases and 14,745 controls; ADHD: 38,691 cases and 275,986 controls; EA: 766,345 participants; intelligence: 146,808 participants; household income: 392,422 participants), with inverse-variance weighting as the primary method.
Our MR analysis revealed no discernible genetic-level causal effect between ADHD and anxiety disorders (p > 0.77). Additionally, the independent variables for ADHD (25 SNPs) and anxiety disorders (18 SNPs) did not overlap, highlighting the genetic distinction between the two conditions. Higher income (p < 0.002) and EA (p < 0.005) were found to serve as protective factors for both ADHD and anxiety disorders. Genetic predisposition to higher income (86 SNPs) and EA (457 SNPs) were identified as a potential common protective factors for both conditions. Lastly, genetic predisposition to higher intelligence was found to potentially guard against ADHD (p < 0.001) but not against anxiety disorders (p > 0.55).
Our findings indicate that the shared symptoms observed between ADHD and anxiety disorders are more likely influenced by genetic predispositions related to socioeconomic factors rather than by the genetic predispositions specific to the disorders themselves.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和焦虑症常常同时出现，症状和功能障碍相互重叠，但其潜在机制仍不明确。
为了探究ADHD和焦虑症之间共同的和独特的基因变异，我们对ADHD、焦虑症以及三个社会经济因素（收入、受教育程度（EA）和智力）进行了孟德尔随机化（MR）分析。MR分析使用了全基因组关联研究汇总数据集（焦虑症：7016例病例和14745例对照；ADHD：38691例病例和275986例对照；EA：766345名参与者；智力：146808名参与者；家庭收入：392422名参与者），以逆方差加权作为主要方法。
我们的MR分析显示，ADHD和焦虑症之间在基因水平上没有明显的因果效应（p>0.77）。此外，ADHD（25个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs））和焦虑症（18个SNPs）的自变量没有重叠，突出了这两种疾病在基因上的差异。较高的收入（p<0.002）和EA（p<0.005）被发现是ADHD和焦虑症的保护因素。较高收入（86个SNPs）和EA（457个SNPs）的遗传易感性被确定为这两种疾病潜在的共同保护因素。最后，较高智力的遗传易感性被发现可能预防ADHD（p<0.001），但不能预防焦虑症（p>0.55）。
我们的研究结果表明，ADHD和焦虑症之间观察到的共同症状更可能受到与社会经济因素相关的遗传易感性影响，而不是受疾病本身特定的遗传易感性影响。
