Tsoi Hoi-Wah, Ng Miko Ka-Wai, Cai Jian-Piao, Poon Rosana Wing-Shan, Chan Brian Pui-Chun, Chan Kwok-Hung, Tam Anthony Raymond, Chu Wing-Ming, Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai, To Kelvin Kai-Wang
State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 26;10(15):e35334. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35334. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on global health and economy, which was significantly mitigated by the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. The levels of systemic and mucosal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with protection. However, there is limited data on how vaccine type and booster doses affect mucosal antibody response, and how the breadth of mucosal and systemic antibodies compares. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the magnitude and breadth of mucosal and systemic antibodies in 108 individuals who received either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or CoronaVac (SinoVac) vaccine. We found that BNT162b2 (vs CoronaVac) or booster doses (vs two doses) were significantly associated with higher serum IgG levels, but were not significantly associated with salivary IgA levels, regardless of prior infection status. Among non-infected individuals, serum IgG, serum IgA and salivary IgG levels were significantly higher against the ancestral strain than the Omicron BA.2 sublineage, but salivary IgA levels did not differ between the strains. Salivary IgA had the weakest correlation with serum IgG (r = 0.34) compared with salivary IgG (r = 0.63) and serum IgA (r = 0.60). Our findings suggest that intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines elicit a distinct mucosal IgA response that differs from the systemic IgG response. As mucosal IgA independently correlates with protection, vaccine trials should include mucosal IgA as an outcome measure.
新冠疫情对全球健康和经济产生了重大影响，而新冠疫苗的 availability 显著减轻了这种影响。针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的全身和黏膜抗体水平与保护作用相关。然而，关于疫苗类型和加强剂量如何影响黏膜抗体反应，以及黏膜和全身抗体的广度如何比较的数据有限。在这项横断面研究中，我们比较了 108 名接种 BNT162b2（辉瑞）或科兴新冠疫苗的个体的黏膜和全身抗体的 magnitude 和广度。我们发现，无论科兴新冠疫苗相比，BNT162b2 或加强剂量相比两剂）与更高的血清 IgG 水平显著相关，但与唾液 IgA 水平无显著相关，无论既往感染状况如何。在未感染个体中，针对原始毒株的血清 IgG、血清 IgA 和唾液 IgG 水平显著高于奥密克戎 BA.2 亚谱系，但各毒株之间的唾液 IgA 水平无差异。与唾液 IgG（r = 0.63）和血清 IgA（r = 0.60）相比，唾液 IgA 与血清 IgG 的相关性最弱（r = 0.34）。我们的研究结果表明，肌肉注射新冠疫苗引发的黏膜 IgA 反应与全身 IgG 反应不同且独特。由于黏膜 IgA 与保护作用独立相关，疫苗试验应将黏膜 IgA 作为一项结果指标纳入。
