Aruoja Villem, Tunēns Juris, Kahru Anne, Blinova Irina, Heinlaan Margit
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia Tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Department of Marine Monitoring, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Agency of Daugavpils University, Voleru Iela 4, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 30;10(15):e35213. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35213. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
The planktonic Crustacea are among the most employed organisms in ecotoxicology, mainly in regulatory assays that follow OECD/ISO protocols. The most common endpoint for acute testing (24-48 h) without feeding of organisms is usually monitored as mortality or immobilization. A rapid and physiologically and environmentally more relevant toxicity endpoint could be the impaired feeding of daphnids. Decreased feeding of test organisms upon exposure to toxicants has been used to evaluate sub-lethal effects occurring already in minutes to hours. This endpoint, however, has not been used systematically and the respective data are inconsistent due to heterogeneity of experimental design. The aim of this review is to evaluate the scientific literature where impaired feeding has been used in ecotoxicological research. The search made in WoS (June 5, 2024) using combination of keywords "Daphni* AND feed* yielded 152 articles. Out of these 152 papers 46 addressed feeding of upon exposure to various toxicants (insecticides, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, contaminated environmental samples and toxic cyanobacteria; in total 59 different chemicals/combinations). These 46 papers formed the basis of the critical analysis presented in the current review. For 18 chemicals it was possible to compare the sensitivity of the feeding and mortality endpoints. We conclude that although the feeding inhibition of sp. did not prove systematically more sensitive than mortality/immobilization, it is a sub-lethal endpoint that allows rapid evaluation of toxic effects of chemicals to aquatic crustaceans - important and sensitive organisms in the aquatic food web.
浮游甲壳类动物是生态毒理学中使用最多的生物之一，主要用于遵循经合组织/国际标准化组织协议的监管试验。在不喂食生物的急性试验（24 - 48小时）中，最常见的终点通常是监测死亡率或固定化情况。一个快速且在生理和环境方面更相关的毒性终点可能是水蚤摄食受损。受试生物在接触毒物后摄食减少已被用于评估在几分钟到几小时内就已出现的亚致死效应。然而，这个终点尚未被系统地使用，并且由于实验设计的异质性，相关数据并不一致。本综述的目的是评估在生态毒理学研究中使用摄食受损情况的科学文献。2024年6月5日在科学网（WoS）上使用关键词“水蚤* AND 摄食*”进行搜索，得到了152篇文章。在这152篇论文中，有46篇涉及水蚤在接触各种毒物（杀虫剂、重金属、药物、受污染的环境样品和有毒蓝藻；总共59种不同的化学物质/组合）后的摄食情况。这46篇论文构成了本综述中批判性分析的基础。对于18种化学物质，可以比较摄食终点和死亡率终点的敏感性。我们得出结论，虽然水蚤的摄食抑制并没有被系统地证明比死亡率/固定化更敏感，但它是一个亚致死终点，能够快速评估化学物质对水生甲壳类动物（水生食物网中的重要且敏感的生物）的毒性效应。
