School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
Biomed Mater. 2024 Aug 21;19(5). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad6dc3.
Melanoma is a common malignant tumor, with a five-year mortality rate as high as 62% in cases of metastatic melanoma according to cancer statistics (2024). In recent years, the focus of melanoma research has predominantly centered on immunotherapy and targeted therapy, grappling with challenges such as resistance and immunogenicity. The discovery of nanoparticles (NPs) has brought nano-delivery systems to the forefront of melanoma diagnosis and treatment. Although certain NPs, like liposomes, have gained clinical approval, utilizing most nano-delivery systems for melanoma diagnosis and treatment remains largely exploratory. The inherent limitations of NPs present a major obstacle to their clinical translation. By selecting suitable nanocarriers and functionalizing NPs to optimize nano-delivery systems, and combining these systems with other therapies, it is possible to reduce the systemic toxicity and resistance associated with conventional therapies and the NPs themselves. This optimization could significantly improve the effectiveness of nano-delivery systems in the early detection and timely treatment of melanoma. However, there have been few reviews on the optimization of NPs and the combined application of other therapies in the treatment and diagnostic application of melanoma in the past three years. This review summarizes the latest applications of nano-delivery systems in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma over the past three years, including innovations and achievements in both preclinical and clinical studies, offering new perspectives on their potential and future application prospects. It integrates clinical data and patent information, highlights trends in nano-delivery system development, and offers new insights into their clinical translation. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities of nano-delivery systems in melanoma treatment, providing a foundation for advancing their application in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical translation.
黑色素瘤是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，根据癌症统计数据（2024 年），转移性黑色素瘤的五年死亡率高达 62%。近年来，黑色素瘤研究的重点主要集中在免疫治疗和靶向治疗上，同时也面临着耐药性和免疫原性等挑战。纳米颗粒（NPs）的发现将纳米递药系统推向了黑色素瘤诊断和治疗的前沿。尽管某些 NPs，如脂质体，已获得临床批准，但利用大多数纳米递药系统进行黑色素瘤诊断和治疗仍在探索之中。NPs 的固有局限性是其临床转化的主要障碍。通过选择合适的纳米载体和功能化 NPs 来优化纳米递药系统，并将这些系统与其他疗法结合使用，可以降低传统疗法和 NPs 本身的全身毒性和耐药性。这种优化可以显著提高纳米递药系统在黑色素瘤早期检测和及时治疗中的有效性。然而，在过去三年中，很少有关于 NPs 的优化和其他疗法联合应用于黑色素瘤治疗和诊断的综述。本文综述了过去三年中纳米递药系统在黑色素瘤诊断和治疗中的最新应用，包括临床前和临床研究中的创新和成就，为其潜在应用前景提供了新的视角。本文整合了临床数据和专利信息，突出了纳米递药系统发展的趋势，并探讨了其在黑色素瘤治疗中的挑战和机遇，为推进其在诊断、治疗和临床转化中的应用提供了基础。
