Rippon J W
Curr Top Med Mycol. 1985;1:208-34. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_8.
The anthropophilic agents of tinea capitis are being eradicated from their historic areas in developed and developing nations. The one exception is T. tonsurans in the United States and Canada. In these nations, the infections are increasing among black children, probably because of hair style and hygiene habits. Elsewhere in the world, M. canis has become or is becoming the dominant agent of tinea capitis. Tinea corporis reflects either the dominant agent of tinea capitis or the sphere of T. rubrum. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common agent worldwide of crural and pedal disease and often tinea corporis. The other anthropophilic species, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and E. floccosum, are also firmly established, but as a distant second and third. These five species account for most ringworm worldwide. Other species are of lowlevel infection, are rare, are locally endemic, or--in the case of some anthropophiles--are dying out. The only evidence of active evolution among the dermatophytes is seen in M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. In both, host-specific strains have emerged and will probably separate as species. This probably has happened already in the case of the variety interdigitale of T. mentagrophytes.
在发达国家和发展中国家，头癣的亲人性病原体正从其历史区域被根除。唯一的例外是美国和加拿大的断发毛癣菌。在这些国家，黑人儿童中的感染率正在上升，可能是由于发型和卫生习惯。在世界其他地方，犬小孢子菌已成为或正在成为头癣的主要病原体。体癣要么反映了头癣的主要病原体，要么反映了红色毛癣菌的感染范围。红色毛癣菌是全球腹股沟和足部疾病以及体癣最常见的病原体。其他亲人性物种，指间毛癣菌变种和絮状表皮癣菌也已稳固存在，但远远排在第二和第三位。这五个物种占全球大多数癣病。其他物种感染程度低、罕见、为局部地方病，或者——就一些亲人性物种而言——正在灭绝。皮肤癣菌中唯一活跃进化的证据见于犬小孢子菌和须癣毛癣菌。在这两种真菌中，已经出现了宿主特异性菌株，可能会作为不同物种分离出来。在须癣毛癣菌指间变种的情况下，这可能已经发生。
