Gradient, Boston, MA, USA.
Burns Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, Thompsonville, MI, 49683 USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Sep;152:105687. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105687. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
We conducted a literature review of urinary 2,4-D in populations not associated with a herbicide application. Of the 33 studies identified, the median/mean concentrations were similar for children, adults, and pregnant women regardless of geography. Individuals with highest concentrations may have had opportunities to directly contact 2,4-D outside of an application. Most studies were conducted in populations in North America and did not examine potential sources of 2,4-D, or what factors might influence higher or lower urinary 2,4-D concentrations. In the future, prioritizing the examination of 2,4-D biomonitoring in other regions and collecting information on sources and factors influencing exposures would better our understanding of 2,4-D exposures globally. In all the studies reviewed the concentrations of urinary 2,4-D observed were orders of magnitude below the US regulatory endpoints, suggesting that people are not being exposed to 2,4-D at levels high enough to result in adverse health effects.
我们对与除草剂应用无关的人群的尿液 2,4-D 进行了文献回顾。在确定的 33 项研究中，无论地理位置如何，儿童、成人和孕妇的中位数/平均值浓度相似。浓度最高的个体可能有机会在应用之外直接接触 2,4-D。大多数研究都是在北美的人群中进行的，并未检查 2,4-D 的潜在来源，或哪些因素可能影响更高或更低的尿液 2,4-D 浓度。在未来，优先考虑在其他地区检查 2,4-D 生物监测，并收集有关影响暴露的来源和因素的信息，将有助于我们更好地了解全球范围内的 2,4-D 暴露情况。在所有审查的研究中，观察到的尿液 2,4-D 浓度都远远低于美国监管终点，这表明人们没有接触到足以导致不良健康影响的 2,4-D 水平。
