Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Trends Parasitol. 2024 Sep;40(9):805-819. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.07.009. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic zoonosis that can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. About one-third of the human population is infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Primary infection triggers an innate immune response wherein IFN-γ-induced host cell GTPases, namely IRG and GBP proteins, serve as a vital component for host cell resistance. In the past decades, interest in elucidating the function of these GTPase families in controlling various intracellular pathogens has emerged. Numerous T. gondii effectors were identified to inactivate particular IRG proteins. T. gondii is re-optimizing its effectors to combat IRG function and in this way secures transmission. We discuss the IRG-specific effectors employed by the parasite in murine infections, contributing to a better understanding of T. gondii virulence.
弓形虫病是一种常见的寄生虫性人畜共患病，在免疫功能低下的患者中可能危及生命。大约三分之一的人口感染了刚地弓形虫。初次感染会引发先天免疫反应，其中 IFN-γ 诱导的宿主细胞 GTPases，即 IRG 和 GBP 蛋白，是宿主细胞抵抗的重要组成部分。在过去的几十年中，人们对阐明这些 GTPase 家族在控制各种细胞内病原体中的功能产生了兴趣。已经鉴定出许多刚地弓形虫效应物来使特定的 IRG 蛋白失活。刚地弓形虫正在重新优化其效应物以对抗 IRG 功能，从而确保传播。我们讨论了寄生虫在鼠类感染中使用的针对 IRG 的特异性效应物，有助于更好地理解刚地弓形虫的毒力。
