Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2011 Nov;27(11):487-95. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 3.
Toxoplasma is a highly successful parasite that establishes a life-long chronic infection. To do this, it must carefully regulate immune activation and host cell effector mechanisms. Here we review the latest developments in our understanding of how Toxoplasma counteracts the immune response of the host, and in some cases provokes it, through the use of specific parasite effector proteins. An emerging theme from these discoveries is that Toxoplasma effectors are master regulators of the pro-inflammatory response, which elicits many of the toxoplasmacidal mechanisms of the host. We speculate that combinations of these effectors present in certain Toxoplasma strains work to maintain an optimal parasite burden in different hosts to ensure parasite transmission.
刚地弓形虫是一种非常成功的寄生虫，它会建立终身慢性感染。为此，它必须仔细调节免疫激活和宿主细胞效应机制。在这里，我们综述了关于刚地弓形虫如何利用特定的寄生虫效应蛋白来对抗宿主的免疫反应，以及在某些情况下引发免疫反应的最新研究进展。这些发现的一个新主题是，刚地弓形虫效应蛋白是促炎反应的主要调节剂，它引发了宿主的许多杀弓形虫机制。我们推测，某些刚地弓形虫菌株中存在的这些效应蛋白的组合，作用是在不同宿主中维持最佳的寄生虫负担，以确保寄生虫的传播。
