Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Trends Hear. 2024 Jan-Dec;28:23312165241273391. doi: 10.1177/23312165241273391.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of global, regional, and national trends in the burden of hearing loss (HL) among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease study. Over this period, there was a general decline in HL prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) globally, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of -0.03% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], -0.04% to -0.01%; = 0.001) and -0.23% (95% UI, -0.25% to -0.20%; < 0.001). Males exhibited higher rates of HL prevalence and YLDs than females. Mild and moderate HL were the most common categories across all age groups, but the highest proportion of YLDs was associated with profound HL [22.23% (95% UI, 8.63%-57.53%)]. Among females aged 15-19 years, the prevalence and YLD rates for moderate HL rose, with AAPCs of 0.14% (95% UI, 0.06%-0.22%; = 0.001) and 0.13% (95% UI, 0.08%-0.18%; < 0.001). This increase is primarily attributed to age-related and other HL (such as environmental, lifestyle factors, and occupational noise exposure) and otitis media, highlighting the need for targeted research and interventions for this demographic. Southeast Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa bore the heaviest HL burden, while High-income North America showed lower HL prevalence and YLD rates but a slight increasing trend in recent years, with AAPCs of 0.13% (95% UI, 0.1%-0.16%; < 0.001) and 0.08% (95% UI, 0.04% to 0.12%; < 0.001). Additionally, the analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) and both HL prevalence ( = -0.74; < 0.001) and YLD ( = -0.76; < 0.001) rates. However, the changes in HL trends were not significantly correlated with SDI, suggesting that factors beyond economic development, such as policies and cultural practices, also affect HL. Despite the overall optimistic trend, this study emphasizes the continued need to focus on specific high-risk groups and regions to further reduce the HL burden and enhance the quality of life for affected children and adolescents.
本研究利用全球疾病负担研究的数据，全面分析了 1990 年至 2019 年期间全球、区域和国家层面儿童和青少年听力损失（HL）负担的趋势。在此期间，全球 HL 患病率和伤残生命年（YLDs）呈总体下降趋势，年均百分比变化率（AAPC）分别为-0.03%（95%置信区间[CI]，-0.04%至-0.01%；=0.001）和-0.23%（95%CI，-0.25%至-0.20%；<0.001）。男性 HL 患病率和 YLDs 均高于女性。在所有年龄组中，轻度和中度 HL 是最常见的类别，但 YLDs 中比例最高的是重度 HL[22.23%（95%CI，8.63%-57.53%）]。在 15-19 岁的女性中，中度 HL 的患病率和 YLDs 呈上升趋势，AAPC 分别为 0.14%（95%CI，0.06%-0.22%；=0.001）和 0.13%（95%CI，0.08%-0.18%；<0.001）。这一增长主要归因于年龄相关和其他 HL（如环境、生活方式因素和职业性噪声暴露）以及中耳炎，这突显了针对这一年龄段的有针对性的研究和干预措施的必要性。东南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲西部的 HL 负担最重，而高收入北美的 HL 患病率和 YLDs 较低，但近年来呈略微上升趋势，AAPC 分别为 0.13%（95%CI，0.1%-0.16%；<0.001）和 0.08%（95%CI，0.04%至 0.12%；<0.001）。此外，分析还显示 HL 患病率（ = -0.74；<0.001）和 YLD 率（ = -0.76；<0.001）与社会人口指数（SDI）之间存在显著负相关。然而，HL 趋势的变化与 SDI 无显著相关性，表明除经济发展外，政策和文化实践等因素也会影响 HL。尽管总体趋势较为乐观，但本研究强调仍需关注特定的高风险群体和地区，以进一步降低 HL 负担，提高受影响儿童和青少年的生活质量。
