Bai Yaning, Sun Xiaoru, Wen Qiao, Wu Jiang, Zou Jian, Wang Haiyang
（ 610041） Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
（ 610041） Deep Under Ground Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Jul 20;55(4):1034-1043. doi: 10.12182/20240760402.
Recently, with the rapid growth of the global population and the exhaustion of resources, exploration activities in extreme environments such as the polar regions, the outer space, the deep sea, the deep underground and highlands are becoming increasingly more frequent. This in-depth exploration of the external environment and the consequent dramatic changes in lifestyles impact on sleep, a basic life activity of humans, in ways that cannot be overlooked. the basic life activity of human beings. Sleep, a basic life activity and the result of the evolution of organisms to adapt to their environment, is closely associated with sleep homeostasis and endogenous rhythms. However, external environmental changes and lifestyle shifts in extreme environments have had a significant impact on the patterns and the quality of sleep in humans. Furthermore, this impact can lead to many physiological and psychological problems, posing a great threat to human health. In this review, we delved into the specific effects of different extreme natural environments and enclosed environments on sleep, elaborating on how these environments alter the patterns and the quality of sleep in humans. In addition, we summarized the changes in human sleep under extreme environments to help gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these specific environments impact human sleep. It is expected that this review will provide a solid theoretical foundation for optimizing long-term survival strategies in extreme environments and help humans adapt to and overcome the challenges posed by extreme environments more effectively.
近年来，随着全球人口的快速增长和资源的枯竭，极地、外层空间、深海、地下深层和高地等极端环境中的探索活动日益频繁。这种对外部环境的深入探索以及随之而来的生活方式的巨大变化，以不可忽视的方式影响着人类的基本生命活动——睡眠。睡眠是一种基本生命活动，是生物体适应环境进化的结果，与睡眠稳态和内源性节律密切相关。然而，极端环境中的外部环境变化和生活方式转变对人类的睡眠模式和质量产生了重大影响。此外，这种影响会导致许多生理和心理问题，对人类健康构成巨大威胁。在本综述中，我们深入探讨了不同极端自然环境和封闭环境对睡眠的具体影响，阐述了这些环境如何改变人类的睡眠模式和质量。此外，我们总结了极端环境下人类睡眠的变化，以帮助更好地理解这些特定环境影响人类睡眠的机制。预计本综述将为优化极端环境中的长期生存策略提供坚实的理论基础，并帮助人类更有效地适应和克服极端环境带来的挑战。
