Hu Ya'nan, Li Hongmei, Yu Di, Feng Xiaoli, Ba Wenxue
School of Politics and Public Administration, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Land Resources Survey and Planning of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 3;10(15):e35672. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35672. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
An important factor for investigating climate change in the Sanjiangyuan is the evolution of the spatio-temporal pattern of lakes in this region. The present study used the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to extract lakes from 2000 to 2020. The present approach created a lake distribution dataset yearly and analyzed spatial and temporal patterns over 20 years. The analysis of lakes focused on the reaction of the Sanjiangyuan Lakes area to changes in climate, glaciers, and permafrost. The findings indicated that the Sanjiangyuan region contains 143 lakes, the majority of which are predominantly small, measuring 1-10 km. The small lakes account for 60.14 % of the total and are primarily located in the source regions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. The findings demonstrated that the Sanjiangyuan lakes experienced a significant expansion over the past two decades, particularly from 2011 to 2020. These lakes are divided into expanded, atrophic, and stable categories. Expanded lakes showed significant inter-annual trends in expansion, while atrophic lakes showed smaller fluctuations. The area of stable lakes experienced a consistent decline after 2010, despite a consistent expansion tendency from 2001 to 2010. Moreover, the results indicated that alterations in the size of glaciers and ice reserves in the Sanjiangyuan region have had the greatest influence on the fluctuation in lake area. Among the factors that affect the climate, temperature had the most significant effect on the change in lake area, followed by precipitation.
研究三江源地区气候变化的一个重要因素是该地区湖泊时空格局的演变。本研究利用谷歌地球引擎（GEE）平台提取了2000年至2020年的湖泊信息。该方法每年创建一个湖泊分布数据集，并分析了20年的时空格局。对湖泊的分析聚焦于三江源湖区对气候、冰川和冻土变化的反应。研究结果表明，三江源地区有143个湖泊，其中大多数湖泊面积较小，在1-10公里之间。小湖泊占总数的60.14%，主要分布在长江和黄河的源头地区。研究结果表明，在过去二十年中，三江源地区的湖泊面积显著扩大，特别是在2011年至2020年期间。这些湖泊分为扩张型、萎缩型和稳定型。扩张型湖泊的面积呈现出显著的年际扩张趋势，而萎缩型湖泊的波动较小。稳定型湖泊的面积在2010年之后持续下降，尽管在2001年至2010年期间呈现出持续扩张的趋势。此外，研究结果表明，三江源地区冰川和冰储量的变化对湖泊面积的波动影响最大。在影响气候的因素中，温度对湖泊面积变化的影响最为显著，其次是降水。
