Ioele Marcella, Ciccola Alessandro, Postorino Paolo
Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, via di San Michele 25, 00153, Roma, Italy.
Dip. di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 3;10(15):e35597. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35597. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
In 2020, 500th anniversary of Raffaello Sanzio death, his (1507), -the altarpiece known also as the , today located at the Borghese Gallery in Rome-has been subjected to conservative revision and preventive conservation project. This included in-depth diagnostic campaigns through most modern non-invasive techniques, together with the analysis of old cross sections from the same Pala. These latters, prepared between 1966 and 1972, preserved in ICR laboratory of chemistry and testing materials archive, have been used to deepen the knowledge of Raffaello painting techniques. The use of such cross sections was fundamental to verify the original pictorial film and restoration re-paintings before the conservation intervention in the same years. In this paper, the results of analytical insights on Raffaello pictorial palette are presented. The information is obtained by the analysis of the old ICR stratigraphic sections, through the use of Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and micro-Raman (632.8 nm), while Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) analysis through colloidal paste has been tested for the identification of organic lake-pigments present in low concentration and for the successful recognition of copper resinate, whose SERS spectrum is here reported for the first time, according to our knowledge. This combined diagnostic approach has made it possible to recognize the pigments employed in the different pictorial layers, such species in traces and those from organic materials, responding to open questions arising previous non-invasive analyses and highlighting further aspects of the illustrious master refined painting technique.
2020年，拉斐尔·桑西逝世500周年之际，他于1507年创作的祭坛画（也被称为《》，现藏于罗马的博尔盖塞美术馆）接受了保守修复和预防性保护项目。这包括通过最现代的非侵入性技术进行深入的诊断活动，以及对同一幅壁画的旧横截面进行分析。这些横截面于1966年至1972年间制备，保存在化学与测试材料档案的ICR实验室，已被用于深入了解拉斐尔的绘画技巧。在同年进行保护干预之前，使用这些横截面对于验证原始绘画层和修复重绘至关重要。本文展示了对拉斐尔绘画调色板的分析见解结果。这些信息是通过对旧的ICR地层切片进行分析获得的，采用了带有能量色散X射线分析的扫描电子显微镜（SEM - EDX）和显微拉曼光谱（632.8nm），同时还测试了通过胶体糊剂进行的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）分析，以鉴定低浓度存在的有机色淀颜料，并成功识别了树脂酸铜，据我们所知，其SERS光谱在此首次报道。这种综合诊断方法使得识别不同绘画层中使用的颜料成为可能，包括痕量颜料和来自有机材料的颜料，回应了先前非侵入性分析中出现的未解决问题，并突出了这位杰出大师精湛绘画技巧的更多方面。
