Suraiya Sharmin, Ria Sadia Jannat, Tanzim Riya Mst Umme, Ritu Farzana Yasmin, Sumona Ayesha Akhter, Rodela Ashika Banu, Akter Lovely, Uddin Md Salah, Hasan Md Nazmul
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj 8100, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 31;10(15):e35538. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35538. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Aquatic plants are a cheap and renewable biomass rich in bioactive and biofunctional compounds, holding valorization prospects for use in food and pharmaceuticals. Four commonly found edible aquatic plants in Bangladesh, namely red water lily (), white water lily (), malancha (), and red seaweed (), were compared in terms of proximate composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, mineral and heavy metal contents, and amino acid composition. The crude protein content was the highest in (26.96 %), followed by (25.21 %), (25.14 %), and (23.54 %). The sequence of crude lipid content of four aquatic plants was (4.8 %) > (4.0 %) > (3.4 %) > (2.4 %). The aquatic plants were rich in carbohydrates, with having 37.02 %, significantly (P < 0.05) lower than (46.12 %), (45.73 %), and (42.88 %). The ash content in the studied plants varied between 14.63 % and 24.97 %. Substantial numbers of bioactive compounds were identified in these plants: 42 in 41 in , 40 in and 36 in as determined by GC-MS analysis. showed the highest amount of total phenolic (121.05 ± 2.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (128.03 ± 0.79 mg quercetin equivalent/g) content. The DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric reducing power assays showed the free radical scavenging ability increased in a dose dependent manner. These aquatic plants contained substantial amounts of minerals, namely Ca ranging from 42.05 ± 2.34 to 441.65 ± 4.67 mg/kg, K ranging from 80.15 ± 1.82 to 97.81 ± 1.74 mg/kg, and Na ranging from 41.16 ± 1.32 to 53.37 ± 1.64 mg/kg. The heavy metal contents of Cu, Ni, and Pb were 0.93 ± 0.06 to 1.25 ± 0.09 mg/kg, 0.44 ± 0.02 to 3.86 ± 0.56 mg/kg, and 0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.67 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Thirteen different amino acids were identified, with leucine, glycine, alanine, lysine, and phenylalanine dominating, and their contents varying by species. Therefore, regular consumption of these aquatic plants might be a healthy approach to addressing malnutrition and enhancing biofunctional activities.
水生植物是一种廉价的可再生生物质，富含生物活性和生物功能化合物，在食品和制药领域具有增值利用前景。对孟加拉国常见的四种可食用水生植物，即红睡莲、白睡莲、马兰查和红海藻，进行了近似成分、生物活性化合物、抗氧化活性、矿物质和重金属含量以及氨基酸组成方面的比较。粗蛋白含量最高的是红睡莲（26.96%），其次是白睡莲（25.21%）、马兰查（25.14%）和红海藻（23.54%）。四种水生植物的粗脂肪含量顺序为红海藻（4.8%）＞马兰查（4.0%）＞白睡莲（3.4%）＞红睡莲（2.4%）。这些水生植物富含碳水化合物，红睡莲含37.02%，显著低于白睡莲（46.12%）、马兰查（45.73%）和红海藻（42.88%）（P＜0.05）。所研究植物的灰分含量在14.63%至24.97%之间。通过气相色谱 - 质谱分析确定，这些植物中鉴定出大量生物活性化合物：红睡莲中有42种，白睡莲中有41种，马兰查中有40种，红海藻中有36种。红睡莲的总酚含量最高（121.05±2.43毫克没食子酸当量/克），黄酮含量最高（128.03±0.79毫克槲皮素当量/克）。二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）、过氧化氢和铁还原能力测定表明，自由基清除能力呈剂量依赖性增加。这些水生植物含有大量矿物质，钙含量在42.05±2.34至441.65±4.67毫克/千克之间，钾含量在80.15±1.82至97.81±1.74毫克/千克之间，钠含量在41.16±1.32至53.37±1.64毫克/千克之间。铜、镍和铅的重金属含量分别为0.93±0.06至1.25±0.09毫克/千克、0.44±0.02至3.86±0.56毫克/千克和0.22±0.02至0.67±0.05毫克/千克。鉴定出13种不同的氨基酸，其中亮氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸和苯丙氨酸占主导，其含量因物种而异。因此，经常食用这些水生植物可能是解决营养不良和增强生物功能活性的健康途径。
