Masood Hafiza Ayesha, Qi Yetong, Zahid Muhammad Khubaib, Li Zhitao, Ahmad Salman, Lv Ji-Min, Shahid Muhammad Shafiq, Ali Hamada E, Ondrasek Gabrijel, Qi Xingjiang
Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.
MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Aug 7;15:1445786. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1445786. eCollection 2024.
Plant diseases caused by microbial pathogens pose a severe threat to global food security. Although genetic modifications can improve plant resistance; however, environmentally sustainable strategies are needed to manage plant diseases. Nano-enabled immunomodulation involves using engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to modulate the innate immune system of plants and enhance their resilience against pathogens. This emerging approach provides unique opportunities through the ability of ENMs to act as nanocarriers for delivering immunomodulatory agents, nanoprobes for monitoring plant immunity, and nanoparticles (NPs) that directly interact with plant cells to trigger immune responses. Recent studies revealed that the application of ENMs as nanoscale agrochemicals can strengthen plant immunity against biotic stress by enhancing systemic resistance pathways, modulating antioxidant defense systems, activating defense-related genetic pathways and reshaping the plant-associated microbiomes. However, key challenges remain in unraveling the complex mechanisms through which ENMs influence plant molecular networks, assessing their long-term environmental impacts, developing biodegradable formulations, and optimizing targeted delivery methods. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the latest research on nano-enabled immunomodulation strategies, potential mechanisms of action, and highlights future perspectives to overcome existing challenges for sustainable plant disease management.
由微生物病原体引起的植物病害对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁。虽然基因改造可以提高植物抗性；然而，需要采用环境可持续的策略来管理植物病害。基于纳米的免疫调节涉及使用工程纳米材料（ENM）来调节植物的先天免疫系统，并增强其对病原体的抵抗力。这种新兴方法通过以下能力提供了独特的机遇：ENM可作为递送免疫调节剂的纳米载体、监测植物免疫的纳米探针，以及直接与植物细胞相互作用以触发免疫反应的纳米颗粒（NP）。最近的研究表明，将ENM用作纳米级农用化学品可通过增强系统抗性途径、调节抗氧化防御系统、激活与防御相关的基因途径以及重塑与植物相关的微生物群落，来增强植物对生物胁迫的免疫力。然而，在揭示ENM影响植物分子网络的复杂机制、评估其长期环境影响、开发可生物降解配方以及优化靶向递送方法方面，仍存在关键挑战。本综述全面调查了基于纳米的免疫调节策略的最新研究、潜在作用机制，并突出了克服可持续植物病害管理现有挑战的未来前景。
