Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 28;58(21):9051-9060. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03522. Epub 2024 May 14.
Research on plant-nanomaterial interactions has greatly advanced over the past decade. One particularly fascinating discovery encompasses the immunomodulatory effects in plants. Due to the low doses needed and the comparatively low toxicity of many nanomaterials, nanoenabled immunomodulation is environmentally and economically promising for agriculture. It may reduce environmental costs associated with excessive use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can lead to soil and water pollution. Furthermore, nanoenabled strategies can enhance plant resilience against various biotic and abiotic stresses, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and the reduction of crop losses due to environmental factors. While nanoparticle immunomodulatory effects are relatively well-known in animals, they are still to be understood in plants. Here, we provide our perspective on the general components of the plant's immune system, including the signaling pathways, networks, and molecules of relevance for plant nanomodulation. We discuss the recent scientific progress in nanoenabled immunomodulation and nanopriming and lay out key avenues to use plant immunomodulation for agriculture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK or CPK) pathway are of particular interest due to their interconnected function and significance in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, we underscore that understanding the plant hormone salicylic acid is vital for nanoenabled applications to induce systemic acquired resistance. It is suggested that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating environmental impact assessments and focusing on scalability, can expedite the realization of enhanced crop yields through nanotechnology while fostering a healthier environment.
过去十年，植物-纳米材料相互作用的研究取得了重大进展。其中一个特别引人关注的发现是植物的免疫调节作用。由于许多纳米材料所需的剂量低且相对毒性低，因此纳米技术介导的免疫调节在农业方面具有环境和经济上的巨大潜力。它可以减少因过度使用化学农药和化肥而导致的环境污染和经济成本，这些农药和化肥会导致土壤和水污染。此外，纳米技术介导的策略可以增强植物对各种生物和非生物胁迫的抵抗力，有助于农业生态系统的可持续性，并减少因环境因素导致的作物损失。虽然纳米颗粒的免疫调节作用在动物中相对较为明确，但在植物中仍有待理解。在这里，我们提供了对植物免疫系统的一般组成部分的看法，包括信号通路、网络和与植物纳米调节相关的分子。我们讨论了纳米技术介导的免疫调节和纳米引发的最新科学进展，并提出了利用植物免疫调节进行农业生产的关键途径。活性氧（ROS）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联和钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CPK 或 CPK）途径因其在生物和非生物胁迫响应中的相互关联的功能和重要性而备受关注。此外，我们强调理解植物激素水杨酸对于纳米技术介导的应用诱导系统获得性抗性至关重要。建议采用多学科方法，包括环境影响评估，并注重可扩展性，以加快通过纳米技术提高作物产量的实现，同时促进更健康的环境。
