Rehan Ibrahim F, Elnagar Asmaa, Zigo František, Sayed-Ahmed Ahmed, Yamada Shuhei
Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt.
Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Aug 6;12:1391769. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1391769. eCollection 2024.
Proteoglycans (PGs), which have glycosaminoglycan chains attached to their protein cores, are essential for maintaining the morphology and function of healthy body tissues. Extracellular PGs perform various functions, classified into the following four categories: i) the modulation of tissue mechanical properties; ii) the regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix; iii) protein sequestration; and iv) the regulation of cell signaling. The depletion of PGs may significantly impair tissue function, encompassing compromised mechanical characteristics and unregulated inflammatory responses. Since PGs play critical roles in the function of healthy tissues and their synthesis is complex, the development of PG mimetic molecules that recapitulate PG functions for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications has attracted the interest of researchers for more than 20 years. These approaches have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant PG domains produced by cells that have undergone genetic modifications. This review discusses some essential extracellular PG functions and approaches to mimicking these functions.
蛋白聚糖（PGs）在其蛋白质核心上连接有糖胺聚糖链，对于维持健康身体组织的形态和功能至关重要。细胞外PGs具有多种功能，可分为以下四类：i）组织力学性能的调节；ii）细胞外基质的调节和保护；iii）蛋白质隔离；以及iv）细胞信号传导的调节。PGs的消耗可能会显著损害组织功能，包括机械特性受损和炎症反应失控。由于PGs在健康组织的功能中起着关键作用，且其合成过程复杂，因此开发能够模拟PG功能用于组织工程和治疗应用的PG模拟分子已吸引研究人员关注超过20年。这些方法涵盖了从半合成接枝共聚物到由经过基因改造的细胞产生的重组PG结构域。本综述讨论了一些重要的细胞外PG功能以及模拟这些功能的方法。
