Diet and physical activity advice for colorectal cancer survivors: critical synthesis of public-facing guidance.

PURPOSE

Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors report that diet and physical activity guidance from healthcare professionals following discharge from care is limited. Survivors seek advice from alternative sources. This study critically synthesised the English language diet and physical activity guidance available online for CRC survivors.

METHODS

We conducted an internet search to identify national cancer organisations (NCO) in countries with high CRC incidence rates. We searched NCO website content for guidance related to diet and physical activity. Recommendations were categorised by cancer phase (prevention/survivorship), cancer type, and the intended outcome (health or cancer-control-CRC recurrence/CRC-specific mortality). A synthesised guideline was derived from recommendations consistently made by at least half of the sources.

RESULTS

We identified 12 NCOs from six countries, by whom 27 diet and physical activity recommendations were made. For CRC prevention, over 80% of recommendations were aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes. For CRC survivorship, less than 40% of recommendations were aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes. Physical activity was the only recommendation present on more than 50% of NCO websites aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes for CRC survivorship.

CONCLUSION

Diet and physical activity guidance for CRC survivors on NCO websites is limited and primarily based on recommendations for improving general health, not improving cancer-control outcomes. NCO websites frequently refer survivors to primary prevention guidance, potentially reflecting the lack of evidence specific to CRC survivorship. There is a need for diet and physical activity advice for survivors that is evidence-based, comprehensive, and consistent across organisations and tailored to specific cancer sites.