Kaikkonen Piia, Pasanen Kati, Parkkari Jari, Mustakoski Iida, Vasankari Tommi, Leppänen Mari
Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500, Tampere, Finland.
Faculty of Kinesiology, Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jan;125(1):71-79. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05580-6. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Previous studies have shown delayed cardiac vagal reactivation after high-intensity endurance exercise when estimated with heart rate variability (HRV). However, the recovery dynamics of RR intervals (RRI) and HRV after a maximal incremental exercise test have been studied less in non-athletic population and especially in females. The main aim of the study was to examine the recovery dynamics of RRI and HRV immediately after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in adult females.
Twenty-eight healthy, novice recreational female runners (33.7 ± 4.2 years) were selected to participate in this study from a larger group of participants (Run RCT). RRIs were collected continuously during a controlled rest, a CPET on a treadmill and a 15-min controlled, passive recovery. Minute-by-minute recovery dynamics were analyzed.
The dynamic phase of RRI and heart rate recovery (HRR) (from 192.2 ± 9.9 to 111.4 ± 2.4, P < 0.001) occurred during the first 4.5 min with HRR of 36 ± 10 beats during the first minute of the recovery. Resting heart rate was negatively associated (r = - 0.53, P = 0.016) with HRR during the recovery. No recovery of root mean square of successive RRIs (RMSSD) was detected during the 15-min recovery. RMSSD was 15.0 ± 9.2% of resting values at the end of the recovery.
No recovery of vagal-derived HRV was detected immediately after a CPET in novice recreational female runners despite marked changes in sympathovagal balance, detected by rapid recovery of RRI during the first 5 min after exercise cessation.
以往研究表明，采用心率变异性（HRV）评估时，高强度耐力运动后心脏迷走神经再激活延迟。然而，在非运动员人群尤其是女性中，最大递增运动试验后RR间期（RRI）和HRV的恢复动态研究较少。本研究的主要目的是检查成年女性在最大心肺运动试验（CPET）后立即进行RRI和HRV的恢复动态。
从一大组参与者（跑步随机对照试验）中选取28名健康的、初涉休闲跑步的女性（33.7±4.2岁）参与本研究。在控制性休息、跑步机上的CPET以及15分钟的控制性被动恢复期间持续收集RRIs。分析每分钟的恢复动态。
RRI和心率恢复（HRR）的动态阶段（从192.2±9.9降至111.4±2.4，P<0.001）发生在最初4.5分钟内，恢复的第一分钟HRR为36±10次/分钟。静息心率与恢复期间的HRR呈负相关（r=-0.53，P=0.016）。在15分钟的恢复期间未检测到连续RRIs的均方根（RMSSD）恢复。恢复结束时RMSSD为静息值的15.0±9.2%。
在初涉休闲跑步的女性中，CPET后立即未检测到迷走神经源性HRV的恢复，尽管在运动停止后的前5分钟RRI快速恢复表明交感迷走神经平衡发生了显著变化。
