COVID-19大流行期间有症状疾病3个月内患者报告的幸福感和认知功能方面的种族、民族和性别差异
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic.
作者信息
Hill Mandy J, Huebinger Ryan M, Ebna Mannan Imtiaz, Yu Huihui, Wisk Lauren E, O'Laughlin Kelli N, Gentile Nicole L, Stephens Kari A, Gottlieb Michael, Weinstein Robert A, Koo Katherine, Santangelo Michelle, Saydah Sharon, Spatz Erica S, Lin Zhenqiu, Schaeffer Kevin, Kean Efrat, Montoy Juan Carlos C, Rodriguez Robert M, Idris Ahamed H, McDonald Samuel, Elmore Joann G, Venkatesh Arjun
机构信息
Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, 6431 Fannin JJL 475G, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
出版信息
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug 22. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8.
BACKGROUND
Differences in acute COVID-19 associated morbidity based on race, ethnicity, and gender have been well described; however, less is known about differences in subsequent longer term health-related quality of life and well-being.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study included symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Using the PROMIS-29 tool, a validated measure of health and well-being, we compared outcomes at 3 months and change in outcomes from baseline to 3 months among groups with different races, ethnicities, and/or sexes.
RESULTS
Among 6044 participants, 4113 (3202 COVID +) were included. Among COVID + participants, compared to non-Hispanic White participants, Black participants had better PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (3.6 [1.1, 6.2]) and fatigue (- 4.3 [- 6.6, - 2.0]) at 3 months and experienced more improvement in fatigue over 3 months (- 2.7 [- 4.7, - 0.8]). At 3 months, compared with males, females had worse PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (- 4.1 [- 5.6, - 2.6]), physical function (- 2.1 [- 3.1, - 1.0]), social participation (- 2.8 [- 4.2, - 1.5]), anxiety (2.8 [1.5, 4.1]), fatigue (5.1 [3.7, 6.4]), and pain interference (2.0 [0.9, 3.2]). Females experienced less improvement in fatigue over 3 months (3.1 [2.0, 4.3]). Transgender/non-binary/other gender participants had worse 3-month scores in all domains except for sleep disturbance and pain interference.
CONCLUSIONS
Three months after the initial COVID-19 infection, Black participants reported better cognitive function and fatigue, while females and other gender minoritized groups experienced lower well-being. Future studies are necessary to better understand how and why social constructs, specifically race, ethnicity, and gender, influence differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes. Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610515.
背景
基于种族、族裔和性别的急性新冠病毒病相关发病率差异已有详尽描述；然而，对于后续长期健康相关生活质量和幸福感的差异了解较少。
方法
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了有症状的接受新冠病毒2检测的成年人，他们完成了基线和3个月随访调查。使用PROMIS - 29工具（一种经过验证的健康和幸福感测量工具），我们比较了不同种族、族裔和/或性别的组在3个月时的结果以及从基线到3个月结果的变化。
结果
在6044名参与者中，4113名（3202名新冠病毒检测呈阳性）被纳入。在新冠病毒检测呈阳性的参与者中，与非西班牙裔白人参与者相比，黑人参与者在3个月时认知功能（3.6 [1.1, 6.2]）和疲劳（-4.3 [-6.6, -2.0]）的PROMIS T分数更好，并且在3个月内疲劳改善更多（-2.7 [-4.7, -0.8]）。在3个月时，与男性相比，女性在认知功能（-4.1 [-5.6, -2.6]）、身体功能（-2.1 [-3.1, -1.0]）、社会参与（-2.8 [-4.2, -1.5]）、焦虑（2.8 [1.5, 4.1]）、疲劳（5.1 [3.7, 6.4]）和疼痛干扰（2.0 [0.9, 3.2]）方面的PROMIS T分数更差。女性在3个月内疲劳改善较少（3.1 [2.0, 4.3]）。跨性别/非二元/其他性别参与者在除睡眠障碍和疼痛干扰外的所有领域3个月时得分更差。
结论
在初次感染新冠病毒病3个月后，黑人参与者报告的认知功能和疲劳状况更好，而女性和其他性别少数群体的幸福感较低。未来有必要开展研究，以更好地理解社会结构，特别是种族、族裔和性别，如何以及为何会影响新冠病毒病相关健康结果的差异。试验注册ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT04610515。
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