Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Sep 9;10(9):5513-5536. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00910. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
Irreversible bone defects resulting from trauma, infection, and degenerative illnesses have emerged as a significant health concern. Structurally and functionally controllable hydrogels made by bone tissue engineering (BTE) have become promising biomaterials. Natural proteins are able to establish connections with autologous proteins through unique biologically active regions. Hydrogels based on proteins can simulate the bone microenvironment and regulate the biological behavior of stem cells in the tissue niche, making them candidates for research related to bone regeneration. This article reviews the biological functions of various natural macromolecular proteins (such as collagen, gelatin, fibrin, and silk fibroin) and highlights their special advantages as hydrogels. Then the latest research trends on cross-linking modified macromolecular protein hydrogels with improved mechanical properties and composite hydrogels loaded with exogenous micromolecular proteins have been discussed. Finally, the applications of protein hydrogels, such as 3D printed hydrogels, microspheres, and injectable hydrogels, were introduced, aiming to provide a reference for the repair of clinical bone defects.
创伤、感染和退行性疾病导致的不可逆转的骨缺损已成为一个重大的健康问题。骨组织工程（BTE）制成的结构和功能可控的水凝胶已成为有前途的生物材料。天然蛋白质能够通过独特的生物活性区域与自体蛋白质建立联系。基于蛋白质的水凝胶可以模拟骨微环境并调节组织龛中的干细胞的生物学行为，使其成为与骨再生相关的研究的候选者。本文综述了各种天然大分子蛋白质（如胶原蛋白、明胶、纤维蛋白和丝素蛋白）的生物学功能，并强调了它们作为水凝胶的特殊优势。然后讨论了交联改性的具有改善的机械性能的大分子蛋白质水凝胶和负载外源性小分子蛋白质的复合水凝胶的最新研究趋势。最后，介绍了蛋白质水凝胶（如 3D 打印水凝胶、微球和可注射水凝胶）的应用，旨在为临床骨缺损的修复提供参考。
