Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Mol Cell. 2024 Sep 19;84(18):3406-3422.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.007. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Partitioning of repressive from actively transcribed chromatin in mammalian cells fosters cell-type-specific gene expression patterns. While this partitioning is reconstructed during differentiation, the chromatin occupancy of the key insulator, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is unchanged at the developmentally important Hox clusters. Thus, dynamic changes in chromatin boundaries must entail other activities. Given its requirement for chromatin loop formation, we examined cohesin-based chromatin occupancy without known insulators, CTCF and Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ), and identified a family of zinc-finger proteins (ZNFs), some of which exhibit tissue-specific expression. Two such ZNFs foster chromatin boundaries at the Hox clusters that are distinct from each other and from MAZ. PATZ1 was critical to the thoracolumbar boundary in differentiating motor neurons and mouse skeleton, while ZNF263 contributed to cervicothoracic boundaries. We propose that these insulating activities act with cohesin, alone or combinatorially, with or without CTCF, to implement precise positional identity and cell fate during development.
哺乳动物细胞中抑制性转录和活跃转录染色质的分隔促进了细胞类型特异性基因表达模式。虽然这种分隔在分化过程中被重建,但在发育过程中重要的 Hox 簇中,关键绝缘子 CCCTC 结合因子 (CTCF) 的染色质占有率保持不变。因此,染色质边界的动态变化必须涉及其他活动。鉴于其对染色质环形成的要求,我们检查了没有已知绝缘子 CTCF 和 Myc 相关锌指蛋白 (MAZ) 的黏合蛋白为基础的染色质占有率,并鉴定了一系列锌指蛋白 (ZNFs),其中一些表现出组织特异性表达。这两种 ZNF 促进了 Hox 簇的染色质边界的形成,这些边界彼此不同,与 MAZ 也不同。PATZ1 在分化中的运动神经元和小鼠骨骼的胸腰椎边界中是至关重要的,而 ZNF263 则有助于颈胸边界的形成。我们提出,这些绝缘活性与黏合蛋白一起,单独或组合,与或不与 CTCF 一起,在发育过程中实现精确的位置身份和细胞命运。