Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Oct;216:111837. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111837. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves dysfunction in multiple organs, including the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas, leading to insulin resistance and β cell failure. Recent studies highlight the significant role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating inter-organ communication in T2D. This review investigates the role of EVs, focusing on their presence and biological significance in human plasma and tissues affected by T2D. We explore specific EV cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, which affect insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers. By highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs, we aim to provide new insights into their role in early detection, disease monitoring, and innovative treatment strategies for T2D.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发病机制涉及多个器官的功能障碍，包括肝脏、肌肉、脂肪组织和胰腺，导致胰岛素抵抗和β细胞衰竭。最近的研究强调了细胞外囊泡（EVs）在介导 T2D 中器官间通讯中的重要作用。本综述探讨了 EVs 的作用，重点研究了它们在受 T2D 影响的人类血浆和组织中的存在和生物学意义。我们探讨了特定的 EV 货物，如 miRNAs 和蛋白质，它们影响胰岛素信号和葡萄糖代谢，强调了它们作为生物标志物的潜力。通过强调 EV 在 T2D 的早期检测、疾病监测和创新治疗策略中的诊断和治疗潜力，我们旨在为它们在 T2D 中的作用提供新的见解。
