Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(40):53177-53192. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34760-2. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
HVO has been noted as a more sustainable fuel, not only leading to lower total CO emissions, but also resulting in lower emissions of toxic substances upon fuel burning. The environmental impact of HVO and HVO diesel blends when accidentally spilled into the soil and ground water has, however, received little attention. While HVO and diesel exhibit nearly identical viscosity and density, their behavior in soils differs due to varying water solubility and fuel additives. In laboratory- and pilot-scale soil columns and lysimeters, we compared the migration and biostimulation-enhanced degradation of HVO, HVO-diesel blend (HVO15), and fossil diesel over 120 days. Additionally, we investigated the impact of fuel additives on migration by comparing HVO without additives to HVO15 and diesel in wet and dry soil columns over 21 days. Notably, HVO migrated through soil more rapidly and in greater quantities than diesel. In wet soil, 69% of added HVO, 8.4% of HVO15, and 21% of diesel leached through as light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). Dry soil showed smaller differences in fuel migration, but HVO did not mobilize when water was added, unlike HVO15 and diesel. Biostimulation reduced HVO leaching by 15% more than HVO15 and 48% more than diesel. Overall, HVO's behavior in soil differs significantly from fossil diesel, with factors like lower water solubility, reduced mobilization from dry soil, and higher in situ degradability contributing to its reduced environmental risk compared to fossil fuel alternatives in accident scenarios.
加氢处理植物油（HVO）已被认为是一种更可持续的燃料，不仅导致总 CO 排放量降低，而且在燃料燃烧时产生的有毒物质排放量也较低。然而，HVO 和 HVO 柴油混合物意外泄漏到土壤和地下水中对环境的影响却很少受到关注。虽然 HVO 和柴油的粘度和密度几乎相同，但由于其水溶性和燃料添加剂的不同，它们在土壤中的行为也有所不同。在实验室和中试规模的土壤柱和渗滤池中，我们比较了 HVO、HVO-柴油混合物（HVO15）和化石柴油在 120 天内的迁移和生物刺激强化降解。此外，我们通过比较添加和未添加燃料添加剂的 HVO 与 HVO15 和柴油在湿和干土壤柱中 21 天的迁移情况，研究了燃料添加剂对迁移的影响。值得注意的是，HVO 在土壤中的迁移速度比柴油快，迁移量也比柴油大。在湿土中，69%的添加 HVO、8.4%的 HVO15 和 21%的柴油作为轻质非水相液体（LNAPL）渗漏出来。干土中燃料迁移的差异较小，但与 HVO15 和柴油不同的是，当加水时 HVO 不会迁移。生物刺激可使 HVO 的浸出量减少 15%，比 HVO15 减少 48%，比柴油减少 48%。总的来说，HVO 在土壤中的行为与化石柴油有很大的不同，低水溶性、从干土中减少的迁移以及更高的原位降解性等因素使其在事故情景中相对于化石燃料替代品的环境风险降低。
