The Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
BMC Neurol. 2024 Aug 22;24(1):293. doi: 10.1186/s12883-024-03791-0.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as acquired cerebral damage caused by an external mechanical impact, which has the potential to lead to transient or enduring debilitation. TBI is associated with many forms of long-lasting psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders. As anxiety is highly debilitating by causing impaired social functioning and decreased quality of life for the afflicted, especially in the form of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, certain efforts have been made to explore the factors associated with it, and one such factor is TBI.
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on January 26th, 2024 for observational case-control or cohort or cross-sectional studies assessing the incidence of anxiety symptoms or disorders in patients with TBI compared to healthy individuals or the same individuals if pre-TBI information regarding anxiety was available. We calculated the pooled incidence and relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95CI) using the inverse variance method. Publication bias was assessed using Eggers's regression test. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Sub-group analyses were conducted for the type of anxiety (anxiety disorder vs anxiety symptoms), TBI severity, and type of anxiety disorders.
The incidence rate of anxiety after traumatic brain injury was 17.45% (95CI: 12.59%, 22.31%) in a total of 705,024 individuals. Moreover, TBI patients were found to be 1.9 times as likely to have anxiety compared to their non-TBI counterparts [Random effects model RR = 1.90 [1.62; 2.23], p-value < 0.0001] using a population of 569,875 TBI cases and 1,640,312 non-TBI controls. Sub-group analysis revealed TBI severity was not associated with anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder was the most common type of anxiety disorder reported post-TBI.
Patients who have experienced a TBI exhibit a significantly greater incidence of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in the aftermath when compared to healthy individuals.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是指由外部机械冲击引起的获得性脑损伤，有可能导致短暂或持久的衰弱。TBI 与许多形式的长期精神疾病有关，包括焦虑症。由于焦虑症会导致社交功能受损和生活质量下降，对患者造成极大的困扰，尤其是在广泛性焦虑症等焦虑症形式中，因此人们已经做出了一些努力来探索与之相关的因素，其中一个因素是 TBI。
我们于 2024 年 1 月 26 日在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 上搜索了观察性病例对照或队列或横断面研究，评估了 TBI 患者与健康个体或有 TBI 前焦虑信息的同一个体相比，出现焦虑症状或障碍的发生率。我们使用逆方差法计算了合并发生率和相对风险（RR）及 95%置信区间（95CI）。使用 Eggers 回归检验评估了发表偏倚。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行了质量评估。进行了亚组分析，包括焦虑类型（焦虑症与焦虑症状）、TBI 严重程度和焦虑症类型。
在总共 705024 人中，创伤性脑损伤后焦虑的发生率为 17.45%（95CI：12.59%，22.31%）。此外，与非 TBI 患者相比，TBI 患者发生焦虑的可能性高 1.9 倍[随机效应模型 RR=1.90[1.62; 2.23]，p 值<0.0001]，该人群包括 569875 例 TBI 病例和 1640312 例非 TBI 对照。亚组分析显示，TBI 严重程度与焦虑无关，广泛性焦虑症是 TBI 后最常见的焦虑症类型。
与健康个体相比，经历过 TBI 的患者在创伤后出现焦虑症状和焦虑症的发生率显著更高。
