Division of Gastroenterology, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, 24100, Türkiye.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024 Aug 22;25(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40360-024-00780-4.
Metamizole is banned in some countries because of its toxicity, although it is widely used in some European countries. In addition, there is limited information on its safety profile, and it is still debated whether it is toxic to the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and stomach.
Our study investigated the effects of metamizole on the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and stomach tissues of rats.
Eighteen rats were divided into three groups, wassix healthy (HG), 500 mg/kg metamizole (MT-500), and 1000 mg/kg metamizole (MT-1000). Metamizole was administered orally twice daily for 14 days. Meanwhile, the HG group received pure water orally. Biochemical, histopathologic, and macroscopic examinations were performed on blood samples and tissues.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the lung and gastric tissues of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups were almost the same as those of the HG (p > 0.05). However, MDA levels in the heart and liver tissues of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups were higher (p < 0.05) compared to the HG, while tGSH levels and SOD, and CAT activities were lower (p < 0.05). MDA levels of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups in the kidney tissue increased the most (p < 0.001), and tGSH levels and SOD and CAT activities decreased the most (p < 0.001) compared to HG. Metamizole did not cause oxidative damage in the lung and gastric tissue. While metamizole did not change troponin levels, it significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels compared to HG. Histopathologically, mild damage was detected in heart tissue, moderate damage in liver tissue, and severe damage in renal tissue. However, no histopathologic damage was found in any groups' lung and gastric tissues.
Metamizole should be used under strict control in patients with cardiac and liver diseases and it would be more appropriate not to use it in patients with renal disease.
尽管甲灭酸在一些欧洲国家被广泛应用，但由于其毒性，在一些国家被禁用。此外，关于其安全性的信息有限，关于其是否对心脏、肺、肝、肾和胃有毒性仍存在争议。
本研究旨在探讨甲灭酸对大鼠心脏、肺、肝、肾和胃组织的影响。
将 18 只大鼠随机分为三组：6 只健康大鼠（HG）、500mg/kg 甲灭酸（MT-500）组和 1000mg/kg 甲灭酸（MT-1000）组。甲灭酸每日口服 2 次，连续 14 天。同时，HG 组给予口服纯净水。对血液样本和组织进行生化、组织病理学和大体检查。
MT-500 和 MT-1000 组大鼠肺和胃组织的丙二醛（MDA）、总谷胱甘肽（tGSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平与 HG 组基本相同（p>0.05）。然而，MT-500 和 MT-1000 组大鼠心脏和肝脏组织的 MDA 水平较高（p<0.05），而 tGSH 水平和 SOD、CAT 活性较低（p<0.05）。MT-500 和 MT-1000 组大鼠肾脏组织的 MDA 水平升高最多（p<0.001），tGSH 水平和 SOD、CAT 活性下降最多（p<0.001）。甲灭酸未引起肺和胃组织的氧化损伤。虽然甲灭酸未改变肌钙蛋白水平，但与 HG 组相比，其显著升高了丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐水平。组织病理学检查发现，心脏组织轻度损伤，肝脏组织中度损伤，肾脏组织重度损伤，但各组肺和胃组织均未见组织病理学损伤。
甲灭酸在心脏病和肝病患者中应严格控制使用，在肾病患者中则更不适合使用。
