Pichot Vincent, Corbier Christophe, Chouchou Florian
Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, SAINBIOSE, Inserm U1059, Saint-Etienne Jean Monnet University, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
LASPI EA3059, Saint-Etienne Jean Monnet University, Roanne Technology University Institute, Roanne, France.
Front Netw Physiol. 2024 Aug 8;4:1315316. doi: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1315316. eCollection 2024.
Homeostatic regulation plays a fundamental role in maintenance of multicellular life. At different scales and in different biological systems, this principle allows a better understanding of biological organization. Consequently, a growing interest in studying cause-effect relations between physiological systems has emerged, such as in the fields of cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory regulations. For this, mathematical approaches such as Granger causality (GC) were applied to the field of cardiovascular physiology in the last 20 years, overcoming the limitations of previous approaches and offering new perspectives in understanding cardiac, vascular and respiratory homeostatic interactions. In clinical practice, continuous recording of clinical data of hospitalized patients or by telemetry has opened new applicability for these approaches with potential early diagnostic and prognostic information. In this review, we describe a theoretical background of approaches based on linear GC in time and frequency domains applied to detect couplings between time series of RR intervals, blood pressure and respiration. Interestingly, these tools help in understanding the contribution of homeostatic negative feedback and the anticipatory feedforward mechanisms in homeostatic cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory controls. We also describe experimental and clinical results based on these mathematical tools, consolidating previous experimental and clinical evidence on the coupling in cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory studies. Finally, we propose perspectives allowing to complete the understanding of these interactions between cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory systems, as well as the interplay between brain and cardiac, and vascular and respiratory systems, offering a high integrative view of cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory homeostatic regulation.
稳态调节在维持多细胞生命中起着基础性作用。在不同尺度和不同生物系统中，这一原理有助于更好地理解生物组织。因此，人们对研究生理系统之间的因果关系越来越感兴趣，例如在心血管和心肺调节领域。为此，诸如格兰杰因果关系（GC）等数学方法在过去20年中被应用于心血管生理学领域，克服了先前方法的局限性，并为理解心脏、血管和呼吸的稳态相互作用提供了新的视角。在临床实践中，通过对住院患者的临床数据进行连续记录或采用遥测技术，为这些方法开辟了新的应用前景，并提供了潜在的早期诊断和预后信息。在本综述中，我们描述了基于线性GC的时域和频域方法的理论背景，这些方法用于检测RR间期、血压和呼吸的时间序列之间的耦合。有趣的是，这些工具有助于理解稳态负反馈和预期前馈机制在心血管和心肺稳态控制中的作用。我们还描述了基于这些数学工具的实验和临床结果，巩固了先前在心血管和心肺研究中关于耦合的实验和临床证据。最后，我们提出了一些观点，以完善对心血管和心肺系统之间这些相互作用的理解，以及大脑与心脏、血管与呼吸系统之间的相互作用，从而提供一个关于心血管和心肺稳态调节的高度综合的观点。
