Sadeghi Somayeh, Nokhodian Zary, Reisizadeh Mobarakeh Shadi, Nasri Elahe, Mirenayat Maryam Sadat, Ghiasi Farzin, Naderi Zohre, Raofi Elham, Rostami Soodabeh, Fakhim Hamed, Kazemi Maryam, Toghyani Arash, Ataei Behrooz
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Immunodeficiency Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Tanaffos. 2023 Apr;22(4):403-410.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human beings worldwide. After recovery from the disease, the pulmonary function and physiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients are not well documented. The current study aims to assess post-COVID-19 lung function, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality within three months after recovery from the disease.
Ninety-seven patients (21 outpatients and 76 inpatients) with COVID-19 were followed three months after recovery. They were divided into two groups according to the severity of the disease. The spirometric parameters included FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. A 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) was recorded. Besides, sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and mood status in two dimensions of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were compared between the groups.
More than 70% of the studied population presented at least one of the COVID-19 infection-related symptoms within three months after recovery. spirometric measurements revealed non-significant differences between the patients with severe versus non-severe COVID-19 in terms of FVC (P=0.805), FEV1 (P=0.948), FEV1/FVC (P=0.616), and 6MWT (P=0.409). Based on PSQI, sleep quality was significantly associated with the severity of disease (P=0.031), but HADS assessments were not significant (P>0.05).
This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients have corona symptoms and abnormal pulmonary function tests three months after recovery. Besides, sleep quality was considerably affected by the severity of the disease and was directly associated with the post-COVID-19 mood of the patients. It seems necessary to consider and control the long-term consequences of this infection regardless of the disease severity.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行已影响到全球人类。疾病康复后，COVID-19患者的肺功能和生理特征尚无充分记录。本研究旨在评估COVID-19患者康复后三个月内的肺功能、焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量。
97例COVID-19患者（21例门诊患者和76例住院患者）在康复后三个月进行随访。根据疾病严重程度将他们分为两组。肺功能参数包括第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）和FEV1/FVC。记录6分钟步行试验（6-MWT）。此外，比较两组患者使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估的睡眠质量以及使用医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评估的焦虑和抑郁两个维度的情绪状态。
超过70%的研究人群在康复后三个月内出现至少一种与COVID-19感染相关的症状。肺功能测量显示，重症与非重症COVID-19患者在FVC（P = 0.805）、FEV1（P = 0.948）、FEV1/FVC（P = 0.616）和6MWT（P = 0.409）方面无显著差异。基于PSQI，睡眠质量与疾病严重程度显著相关（P = 0.031），但HADS评估无显著差异（P>0.05）。
本研究表明，相当一部分COVID-19患者在康复后三个月仍有新冠症状和肺功能测试异常。此外，睡眠质量受疾病严重程度的显著影响，且与COVID-19康复后患者的情绪直接相关。无论疾病严重程度如何，似乎都有必要考虑并控制这种感染的长期后果。
