Weng Lin-Man, Su Xuan, Wang Xue-Qiang
Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
J Pain Res. 2021 Jan 26;14:147-159. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269206. eCollection 2021.
On 11 March, 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. It brought substantial physical and psychological burden on individuals and financial loss across countries. Patients with COVID-19 may exhibit various symptoms, such as fever, cough, dyspnea, muscle pain, sore throat, headache, chest pain, and abdominal pain, at 2-14 days after exposure to the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2). Pain symptoms present important challenge to clinicians' diagnosis when treating COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms. Considering the increasing number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, the pain symptoms should be systematically summarized.
The virus can invade different tissues of the body and cause different pain manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 primarily invades the respiratory system, and patients develop sore throat, fever, cough, and other pneumonia-associated symptoms. Moreover, it infects the nervous system (eg, headache, dizziness, and confusion), digestive system (eg, abdominal pain, diarrhea), and cardiovascular system (eg, chest pain, palmus, and cardiac injury). The incidence rate is 1.7-33.9% for headache, 0.7-47.1% for sore throat, 1.5-61.0% for myalgia/arthralgia, 1.6-17.7% for chest pain, and 1.9-14.5% for abdominal pain. In comparison with chest and abdominal pain, COVID-19 patients are more likely to develop headache, sore throat, and myalgia/arthralgia.
Different pain reflects the damage of different body systems. Therefore, the summary of pain symptoms for COVID-19 patients can help doctors improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis when treating COVID-19 patients with atypical or mild symptoms and adopt more targeted treatment methods.
2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织宣布冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情为全球大流行。它给个人带来了巨大的身心负担，并给各国造成了经济损失。COVID-19患者在接触新型冠状病毒（严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2[SARS-CoV-2]）后的2至14天可能会出现各种症状，如发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、肌肉疼痛、喉咙痛、头痛、胸痛和腹痛。当治疗症状较轻的COVID-19患者时，疼痛症状给临床医生的诊断带来了重大挑战。鉴于COVID-19确诊病例数量不断增加，应对疼痛症状进行系统总结。
该病毒可侵袭身体的不同组织并导致不同的疼痛表现。SARS-CoV-2主要侵袭呼吸系统，患者会出现喉咙痛、发热、咳嗽及其他与肺炎相关的症状。此外，它还会感染神经系统（如头痛、头晕和意识模糊）、消化系统（如腹痛、腹泻）和心血管系统（如胸痛、心悸和心脏损伤）。头痛的发生率为1.7%至33.9%，喉咙痛为0.7%至47.1%，肌痛/关节痛为1.5%至61.0%，胸痛为1.6%至17.7%，腹痛为1.9%至14.5%。与胸痛和腹痛相比，COVID-19患者更易出现头痛、喉咙痛和肌痛/关节痛。
不同的疼痛反映了不同身体系统的损伤。因此，总结COVID-19患者的疼痛症状有助于医生在治疗非典型或轻症COVID-19患者时提高诊断的准确性和效率，并采用更具针对性的治疗方法。
